Improving Male Chin and Mandible Eesthetics.

The size and shape of the chin and mandible are fundamental to sexual dimorphism. Deficiencies in these structures distract from the male facial esthetic. When deficient, these areas of the facial skeleton can be augmented by alloplastic augmentation or skeletal rearrangement.

Changing Mandible Contour Using Computer Designed/Computer Manufactured Alloplastic Implants.

Background: The shape of the mandible is the fundamental determinant of the appearance and sexual dimorphism of the lower one-third of the face. Utilization of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) alloplastic implants provides unparalleled planning and sophistication in the correction of skeletal deficiencies, irregularities, and asymmetry.

Objectives: This study presented the rationale, indications, techniques, and results of the senior author's (M.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol With Ultrasound-Guided Regional Blocks in Outpatient Plastic Surgery Patients Leads to Decreased Opioid Prescriptions and Consumption.

Background: Opioids are a mainstay of pain management. To limit the use of opioids, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols implement multimodal approaches to treat postoperative pain.

Objectives: The aim of this paper was to be the first to assess the efficacy of an ERAS protocol for plastic surgery outpatients that includes ultrasound-guided, surgeon-led regional blocks.

UHRF1 Is a Novel Druggable Epigenetic Target in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Introduction: Ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1) encodes a master regulator of DNA methylation that has emerged as an epigenetic driver in human cancers. To date, no studies have evaluated UHRF1 expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study was undertaken to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting UHRF1 in MPM.

Ultrasound Imaging of the Superficial Fascial System Can Predict the Subcutaneous Strength of Abdominal Tissue Using Mean Gray Value Quantification.

Background: This study is the first to correlate sonographic findings of subcutaneous tissue to structural and biomechanical properties.

Methods: Precisely sized tissue specimens (59 samples) were collected from five abdominoplasty procedures. A Philips Lumify L12-4 linear array probe, connected to an Android tablet, was used to obtain ultrasound images of the superficial fascial system.

Preoperative Evaluation of the Superficial Fascial System Can Predict Wound Complications in Body Contouring Surgery.

Background: The demand for body contouring surgery continues to rise. The inclusion of the superficial fascial system (SFS) during closure of such procedures has been shown to improve outcomes; however, currently reported wound complication rates remain high. The authors assess whether decreased quantities of SFS are associated with wound complications in these patients.

The Changing Paradigm of Management of Liver Abscesses in Chronic Granulomatous Disease.

Background: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare genetic disorder causing recurrent infections. More than one-quarter of patients develop hepatic abscesses and liver dysfunction. Recent reports suggest that disease-modifying treatment with corticosteroids is effective for these abscesses.

Rising incidence and aggressive nature of cutaneous malignancies after transplantation: An update on epidemiology, risk factors, management and surveillance.

Although immunosuppression has been a key component to the success of solid-organ transplantation, the morbidity associated with long-term immunosuppression remains a substantial burden, particularly as recipients of transplants live longer. Indeed, malignancy is one of the most common reasons for mortality following transplantation and the most common of these cancers are cutaneous in origin. Recently, the incidence of these malignancies has been on the rise, partly due to the fact that recipients of these transplants are living longer as a result of improvements in surgical technique, immunosuppression and perioperative management.

Prospective evaluation and treatment of familial carcinoid small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs).

Background: The aim of this study was to prospectively screen patients with a positive family history of carcinoid small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) to elucidate the benefits of early detection and operative intervention.

Methods: A single-center, prospective trial was conducted from 2008 to 2014 that evaluated patients with 2 or more blood relatives with carcinoid SI-NETs. All eligible patients were screened with urine/serum biochemistries and various imaging modalities.

Robotic-Assisted Esophageal Surgery.

Background: The adoption of minimally invasive approaches to the management of esophageal disease has been slow, except for the laparoscopic management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, the advent of new surgical technologies - in particular, robotic-assisted surgical systems - has revolutionized esophageal surgery.

Methods: The literature was systematically reviewed using the keywords "robotic," "esophageal surgery," "esophagectomy," "fundoplication," and "esophageal myotomy.

Robotic-Assisted Videothoracoscopic Mediastinal Surgery.

Background: Tumors of the mediastinum as well as normal thymus glands in patients with myasthenia gravis have traditionally been resected using large and morbid incisions. However, robotic-assisted mediastinal resections are gaining popularity because of the many advantages that the robot provides. However, few comprehensive reviews of the literature on robotic-assisted mediastinal resections exist.

Pulmonary Metastases Exhibit Epigenetic Clonality: Implications for Precision Cancer Therapy.

Background: Development of effective cancer therapies may be limited by intratumoral heterogeneity, which facilitates outgrowth and organ-specific dissemination of treatment resistant clones. At present, limited information is available regarding epigenetic landscapes of pulmonary metastases. This study was undertaken to characterize epigenetic signatures of pulmonary metastases and to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: Clinical Efficacy and Safety.

A major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint proteins, which function to effectively inhibit the immune system through various mechanisms. The first of such molecules shown to inhibit both T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production was cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). With this discovery, efforts turned to blocking this inhibitory pathway in an attempt to activate dormant T-cells directed at cancer cells.

Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoma in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease.

A 61-year-old female with a past medical history significant for von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome presented with multiple bilateral pulmonary lesions found on surveillance computed tomography scan. Positron emission tomography demonstrated avidity in a lesion in the right upper lobe. After an equivocal biopsy, a lobectomy via a thoracoscopic approach was performed as this lesion was concerning for a primary lung cancer.

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among both sexes in the United States and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Over the last several decades, there have been many advances in both surgical approaches and systemic therapies for the treatment of NSCLC, but the prognosis for advanced disease remains poor. New research, however, is exploring the use of targeted therapies for the treatment of NSCLC.

Multidisciplinary management of locally advanced and widely metastatic paraganglioma in a patient with life-threatening compressive symptoms.

Background: Patients presenting with locally advanced, metastatic paraganglioma with life-threatening compressive symptoms of critical anatomic structure pose a significant management challenge.

Methods: We present a case of a 15-year-old patient with enlarging right neck mass causing dysphagia and respiratory compromise from near complete obstruction of the oropharynx.

Results: Evaluation of the patient's family history led to the identification of a mutation in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDSD) gene (G725A).

Unknown primary nasopharyngeal melanoma presenting as severe recurrent epistaxis and hearing loss following treatment and remission of metastatic disease: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: Primary nasopharyngeal melanoma is an exceedingly rare pathology with unclear etiology and oftentimes obscure clinical presentation. Despite improved diagnostic capabilities, these lesions are often diagnosed at an advanced stage and associated prognosis is poor, partly due to high rates of recurrences and metastasis.

Presentation Of Case: A 74-year-old woman was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma to the liver, of unknown primary.

Preoperative Imaging Features are Associated with Surgical Complications Following Carotid Body Tumor Resection.

Background: Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice for carotid body tumors (CBTs). Although perioperative complications such as carotid artery injury and neurological deficits occur infrequently, they can be devastating. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether clinical factors or preoperative imaging findings can accurately predict perioperative complications.