The Four Core Genotypes mouse model: evaluating the impact of a recently discovered translocation.

The Four Core Genotypes (FCG) mouse model has become a valuable model to study the mechanistic basis for biological sex differences. This model allows discrimination between influences of gonadal sex (ovaries or testes) from those associated with genetic sex (presence of XX or XY chromosome complement). FCG mice have illuminated distinct effects of gonadal and chromosomal sex on traits ranging from brain structure and behavior to vulnerability to obesity, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and other diseases.

Diabetes technology in people with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease.

Diabetes is the leading cause and a common comorbidity of advanced chronic kidney disease. Glycaemic management in this population is challenging and characterised by frequent excursions of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Current glucose monitoring tools, such as HbA, fructosamine and glycated albumin, have biases in this population and provide information only on mean glucose exposure.

Risk Analysis Index Frailty Score as a Predictor of Otolaryngology Surgical Outcomes.

Objective: The Risk Analysis Index (RAI) score is a screening tool to assess patient frailty. It has been shown to be predictive of postoperative outcomes and mortality in orthopedic, urologic, and neurosurgical patient populations. We sought to evaluate the predictive ability of RAI score for surgical outcomes in an otolaryngology patient population.

Disease Course, Treatment Patterns and Goals Among Patients with Non-segmental Vitiligo Across Europe and the United States.

Introduction: There is currently a lack of research regarding disease course and burden as well as treatment patterns and goals in patients with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV). The aim of this analysis was to evaluate disease course, treatment patterns and goals in patients with NSV.

Methods: This analysis used secondary data from the Adelphi Real World Vitiligo Disease Specific Programme 2021, specifically, a survey of physicians and their adult and adolescent patients with NSV.

Health-Related Quality of Life Burden Among Adults with Vitiligo: Relationship to Disease Severity and Disease Location.

Introduction: Vitiligo was historically regarded as a cosmetic disorder; however, it is an autoimmune disease. As a visible condition, it affects patient well-being. We assessed the impact of disease severity, lesion location, and body surface area (BSA) affected on patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Correction: Udosen et al. Meta-Analysis and Multivariate GWAS Analyses in 80,950 Individuals of African Ancestry Identify Novel Variants Associated with Blood Pressure Traits. 2023, , 2164.

In the original publication [...

Chalk Talks for the Clinical Setting: Evaluation of a Medical Education Workshop for Fellows.

Introduction: Chalk talks are effective teaching tools in the clinical setting. However, data on optimal strategies for teaching medical educators how to develop and deliver them are limited. We designed and implemented two 50-minute workshops to help subspecialty fellows across GME create and deliver a chalk talk.

Real-World Treatment Patterns in Patients with Vitiligo in the United States.

Introduction: Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder resulting in skin depigmentation, with limited approved treatment options. This study evaluated medication utilization and treatment patterns among patients in the first year following vitiligo diagnosis.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of claims data from the Merative MarketScan Research Databases included patients aged ≥ 12 years newly diagnosed with vitiligo.

Meta-Analysis and Multivariate GWAS Analyses in 80,950 Individuals of African Ancestry Identify Novel Variants Associated with Blood Pressure Traits.

High blood pressure (HBP) has been implicated as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in several populations, including individuals of African ancestry. Despite the elevated burden of HBP-induced cardiovascular diseases in Africa and other populations of African descent, limited genetic studies have been carried out to explore the genetic mechanism driving this phenomenon. We performed genome-wide association univariate and multivariate analyses of both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) traits in 80,950 individuals of African ancestry.

Approaches to Preventing Intrapartum Fetal Injury.

Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) was introduced into obstetric practice in 1970 as a test to identify early deterioration of fetal acid-base balance in the expectation that prompt intervention ("rescue") would reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. Clinical trials using a variety of visual or computer-based classifications and algorithms for intervention have failed repeatedly to demonstrate improved immediate or long-term outcomes with this technique, which has, however, contributed to an increased rate of operative deliveries (deemed "unnecessary"). In this review, we discuss the limitations of current classifications of FHR patterns and management guidelines based on them.

Compassion within conflict: Toward a computational theory of social groups informed by maternal brain physiology.

Benevolent intersubjectivity developed in parent-infant interactions and compassion toward friend and foe alike are non-violent interventions to group behavior in conflict. Based on a dyadic active inference framework rooted in specific parental brain mechanisms, we suggest that interventions promoting compassion and intersubjectivity can reduce stress, and that compassionate mediation may resolve conflicts.

Resting heart rate and incident atrial fibrillation: A stratified Mendelian randomization in the AFGen consortium.

Background: Both elevated and low resting heart rates are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), suggesting a U-shaped relationship. However, evidence for a U-shaped causal association between genetically-determined resting heart rate and incident AF is limited. We investigated potential directional changes of the causal association between genetically-determined resting heart rate and incident AF.

Novel Secreted Peptides From var. With Immunomodulatory Effects That Enhance Fungal Pathogenesis.

Secreted fungal peptides are known to influence the interactions between the pathogen and host innate immunity. The aim of this study is to screen and evaluate secreted peptides from the fungus var. for their immunomodulatory activity.

Lipid traits and type 2 diabetes risk in African ancestry individuals: A Mendelian Randomization study.

Background: Dyslipidaemia is highly prevalent in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous studies have sought to disentangle the causal relationship between dyslipidaemia and T2DM liability. However, conventional observational studies are vulnerable to confounding.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as a salvage solution for severe and refractory gastroparesis in malnourished patients.

Background: Gastroparesis (GP) is a rare condition for which several symptomatic treatments are available, but they may fail, leading to a discussion of gastrectomy. Few studies have described gastric-preserving surgery, particularly in malnourished patients.

Objective: To describe the treatment of severe refractory GP with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Nanobodies as allosteric modulators of Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2.

Mutations in the gene coding for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a leading cause of the inherited form of Parkinson's disease (PD), while LRRK2 overactivation is also associated with the more common idiopathic form of PD. LRRK2 is a large multidomain protein, including a GTPase as well as a Ser/Thr protein kinase domain. Common, disease-causing mutations increase LRRK2 kinase activity, presenting LRRK2 as an attractive target for drug discovery.

Gastric motility disorders and their endoscopic and surgical treatments other than bariatric surgery.

Gastroparesis is the most common gastric motility disorder. The cardinal symptoms are nausea, vomiting, gastric fullness, early satiety, or bloating, associated with slow gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Delayed gastric emptying is demonstrated by a gastric emptying scintigraphy or by a breath test.

Interobserver variability in target volume delineation for CT/MRI simulation and MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy in rectal cancer.

Objectives: Quantify target volume delineation uncertainty for CT/MRI simulation and MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy in rectal cancer. Define optimal imaging sequences for target delineation.

Methods: Six experienced radiation oncologists delineated clinical target volumes (CTVs) on CT and 2D and 3D-MRI in three patients with rectal cancer, using consensus contouring guidelines.

The risk of cardiometabolic disorders in lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A longitudinal study.

Background: Recent studies suggest that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in lean (BMI<25 ​kg/m) individuals presents a distinct phenotype. We sought to determine the cardiometabolic consequences of lean NAFLD in a population cohort of relatively young asymptomatic individuals who participated in a voluntary routine health promotion evaluation in Brazil.

Methods: We analyzed data in our population collected from 2004 to 2016.

Neurological complications of COVID19 during March 2020 at LCMC health university medical center: Dataset.

Unlabelled: We reviewed the electronic medical records (EMR) of patients hospitalized during the peak of the pandemic, March 1st through March 31st, to document the type and frequency of neurological problems seen in patients with COVID-19 at presentation to the emergency room. Secondary aims were to determine: 1) the frequency of neurological complaints during the hospital stay; 2) whether the presence of any neurological complaint at presentation or any of the individual types of neurological complaints at admission predicted three separate outcomes: death, length of hospital stay, or the need for intubation; and 3) if the presence of any neurological complaint or any of the individual types of neurological complaints developed during hospital stay predicted the previous three outcomes.

Setting: The Louisiana Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Institutional Review Board and the University Medical Center Clinical Research Review Committee approved the study protocol.