Vital lessons from struggling partnerships and potential partnerships: an international study with leaders across the health sector.

Background: Inter-organizational partnerships and collaborations, used here interchangeably, have growing prominence across the health sector. Successful partnerships have received extensive study. However, especially for partnerships including nonprofit partners, limited attention has been given to negative factors that contribute to struggling partnerships, including failed partnerships, and/or impede potential partnerships, including unexplored and undeveloped potential partnerships.

De Novo Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Decoy NL-CVX1 Protects Mice From Severe Disease After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.

The emergence of novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need to investigate alternative approaches to prevent infection and treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Here, we report the preclinical efficacy of NL-CVX1, a de novo decoy that blocks virus entry into cells by binding with nanomolar affinity and high specificity to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Using a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we showed that a single prophylactic intranasal dose of NL-CVX1 conferred complete protection from severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016.

Background: Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are bacterial pathogens that are frequently associated with diarrhoeal disease, and are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study 2016 (GBD 2016) is a systematic, scientific effort to quantify the morbidity and mortality due to over 300 causes of death and disability. We aimed to analyse the global burden of shigella and ETEC diarrhoea according to age, sex, geography, and year from 1990 to 2016.

Morbidity, mortality, and long-term consequences associated with diarrhoea from Cryptosporidium infection in children younger than 5 years: a meta-analyses study.

Background: The protozoan Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years. However, the true global burden of Cryptosporidium infection in children younger than 5 years might have been underestimated in previous quantifications because it only took account of the acute effects of diarrhoea. We aimed to demonstrate whether there is a causal relation between Cryptosporidium and childhood growth and, if so, to quantify the associated additional burden.

Pediatric cryptosporidiosis: An evaluation of health care and societal costs in Peru, Bangladesh and Kenya.

Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of pediatric diarrhea in resource-limited settings; yet, few studies report the health care costs or societal impacts of this protozoan parasite. Our study examined direct and indirect costs associated with symptomatic cryptosporidiosis in infants younger than 12 months in Kenya, Peru and Bangladesh. Inputs to the economic burden model, such as disease incidence, population size, health care seeking behaviour, hospital costs, travel costs, were extracted from peer-reviewed literature, government documents, and internationally validated statistical tools for each country.

Outcomes of osteomyelitis among patients treated with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy.

Purpose: To examine the effects of diabetes, vascular disease, age, and antimicrobial therapy on clinical outcomes, including amputation rates, in patients with osteomyelitis treated in the outpatient setting.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients treated with intravenous antimicrobial therapy for osteomyelitis at an outpatient infectious diseases practice. All patients were followed for at least 6 months.

Risk factors and treatment outcomes in osteomyelitis.

Outcome indicators of recurrence and amputation were used to evaluate risk factors and treatment choices in 454 patients with osteomyelitis who completed outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). Three hundred and fifteen (69.4%) were apparently cured at the time outcomes were measured and 139 (30.

Lack of hepatotoxicity associated with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), particularly nevirapine, have been associated with hepatotoxicity. We performed a retrospective study to determine the incidence of NNRTI hepatotoxicity in a group of HIV-infected patients from a New York City practice. These patients are predominantly homosexual white males.