Surgical solutions to orofacial problems.

Background: Orofacial problems present frequently to primary care providers. Many of these problems have a surgical solution. Some may require minor procedures, while others require major maxillofacial surgery.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: tip of the iceberg.

The World Health Organization predicts that people aged older than 65 years will comprise 20% of the world's population by 2030. One of the most commonly prescribed medications for the elderly are the bisphosphonates, which have been shown to significantly reduce debilitating and fatal fractures by preserving bone density and consequently saving governments billions of dollars annually. Despite rigorous testing, 190 million prescriptions worldwide and US$8000 million in revenue, there is a serious adverse effect called bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, which is poorly described and difficult to treat.