Cumulative probabilistic risk assessment of triazole pesticides in Belgium from 2011-2014.

Pesticide residues in food can lead to harmful toxic effects when exposed. Some of these compounds have a common Mode of Action and thus elicit a similar biological response. This paper considers the triazoles, a class of widely used fungicides exhibiting the same short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) response in humans.

Selecting mixtures on the basis of dietary exposure and hazard data: application to pesticide exposure in the European population in relation to steatosis.

Populations are exposed to mixtures of pesticides through their diet on a daily basis. The question of which substances should be assessed together remains a major challenge due to the complexity of the mixtures. In addition, the associated risk is difficult to characterise.

Formulation approaches to reduce post-application pesticide volatilisation from glass surfaces.

Volatilisation is one of the main pathways for pesticide emission to the atmosphere. While formulation strategies and adjuvants are known to affect the fate of active ingredient, no general volatilisation reducing guidelines exist for formulation purposes. Moreover, as limited information on formulation effects is available, current pesticide fate models lack parameters characterising reduction of active ingredient volatilisation.

Multi-residue determination and ecological risk assessment of pesticides in the lakes of Rwanda.

Background: To boost agricultural productivity for both domestic and export purposes, agricultural inputs such as pesticides are being promoted in Rwanda. Even though the use of pesticides is important for agriculture, their residues eventually end up in different environmental compartments and may negatively affect the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and awareness of the smallholder farmers towards the use of pesticides in Rwanda and to evaluate the ecological risks of pesticides in the surface water and in the vertical profile of Lake Kivu.

Pesticide residues in drinking water and associated risk to consumers in Ethiopia.

Access to safe and reliable drinking water is vital for a healthy population. However, surface water may be contaminated with pesticides because of the nearby agricultural areas as well as from household application. Water samples were collected from water sources in Jimma zone and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Influence of adjuvants on the dissipation of fenpropimorph, pyrimethanil, chlorpyrifos and lindane on the solid/gas interface.

The use of pesticides is an integral part of modern agriculture and contributes to the productivity and the quality of the cultivated crop. However, use of pesticides imposes a huge burden on the environment. Volatilisation of pesticides contaminates the environment, affects nearby crops, bystanders and residents but research to mitigate this environmental contamination remains scarce.