[Female urinary incontinence - diagnostics and therapies].

Urinary incontinence is a common complaint of both general practitioners and specialists. An accurate basic diagnosis with a structured medical history and bladder diary, urine analysis, gynaecological examination including pelvic floor assessment and a full bladder cough test can be supplemented by sonography, cystoscopy and urodynamic testing. This will help to differentiate between the different types of urinary incontinence, such as urge incontinence, stress incontinence and overflow incontinence.

Popularity of endocrine endometriosis drugs and limited alternatives in the present and foreseeable future: A survey among 1420 affected women.

Objectives: Endocrine drugs represent an important cornerstone of endometriosis therapy. Pharmaceutical alternatives with similar efficacy remain out of sight in the near future. Aim of this study is to investigate attitudes and perceptions concerning endocrine therapies among affected women.

Considering non-bladder aetiologies of overactive bladder: a functional neuroimaging study.

Objectives: To better understand the neuropathophysiology of overactive bladder (OAB) in women by characterising supraspinal activity in response to bladder distention and cold stimulation.

Subjects/patients And Methods: We recruited 24 female participants, 12 with OAB (median [interquartile range, IQR] age 40 [32-42] years) and 12 healthy controls (HCs) without lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms (median [IQR] age 34 [28-44] years), and assessed LUT and cognitive function through neuro-urological examination, 3-day bladder diary, urodynamic investigation, and questionnaires. Functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using a 3-T scanner was performed in all participants during automated, repetitive bladder filling and draining (block design) with 100 mL body temperature (37 °C) saline using a MR-compatible and MR-synchronised infusion-drainage device until strong desire to void (HIGH-FILLING/DRAINING) and bladder filling with cold saline (4 °C, i.

Structured manual for MRI assessment of deep infiltrating endometriosis using the ENZIAN classification.

Purpose: Proposal of a systematic approach to assess Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) through pelvic Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the Enzian classification and examination of inter-rater agreement.

Methods: Three radiologists reviewed 23 MRI of patients with pelvic DIE at one tertiary referral center retrospectively and independently. Inclusion criteria were intraoperative confirmation of DIE and MR imaging according to ESUR (European Society of Urogenital Radiology) guidelines.

[Recurrent Urogynecological Infections].

Recurrent Urogynecological Infections Changes in the urogenital microbiome of the bladder, urethra, vagina and cervix can cause recurrent infections. We distinguish between obligate and facultative pathogens. In the case of facultative pathogens, treatment with antibiotic, antiviral or antifungal drugs should only be considered in cases with attributable symptoms.

[Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction].

Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction Bladder outlet obstruction affects up to every fourth woman. This condition is causing difficulties to void. Patients complain about frequency, an urge to void, or they describe the feeling of post-void residual urine.

[Female pelvic floor: anatomy and normal function].

Female pelvic floor: anatomy and normal function In the course of evolution, the complex interaction of anatomical structures of the pelvic floor has led to bladder and bowel continence, sexual sensations and reproduction. All these functions and abilities play an important individual and social role, thanks to which higher interactions have become possible. For a better understanding of these functions, underlying anatomical concepts are essential.

The ENZIAN score as a preoperative MRI-based classification instrument for deep infiltrating endometriosis.

Purpose: Comparison of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intraoperative findings in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) by means of the ENZIAN score.

Methods: This retrospective two-center study includes 63 patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis, who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2016 at both the University Hospital of Zurich and the Cantonal Hospital of Schaffhausen. Inclusion criteria were a preoperative pelvic MRI and intraoperative or bioptic confirmation of DIE.

Measuring tissue displacement of the anterior vaginal wall using the novel aspiration technique in vivo.

Little is known about the mechanical properties of pelvic floor structures and their role in the course and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We hypothesize that in vivo mechanical properties of the vaginal wall are related to the appearance of POP and pre-and post-operative states. We used a suction device for intravaginal application, the aspiration device, to evaluate two in vivo mechanical parameters of the anterior vaginal wall, the load dependent tissue displacement and the initial displacement, by image analysis in pre- and post-menopausal women with (POP) and without (control) cystocele (POP: pre-menopausal: N = 6, post-menopausal: N = 19, control: pre-menopausal: N = 17, post-menopausal: N = 6).

Safety, immunogenicity, and preliminary clinical efficacy of a vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b trial.

Background: Escherichia coli infections are increasing worldwide in community and hospital settings. The E coli O-antigen is a promising vaccine target. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a bioconjugate vaccine containing the O-antigens of four E coli serotypes (ExPEC4V).

Urinary incontinence and its association with functional physical and cognitive health among female nursing home residents in Switzerland.

Background: Specific knowledge of urinary incontinence (UI) and its interrelation with physical and cognitive health is essential to working towards prevention of UI and to improving quality of treatment and care. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between UI and the activities of daily living (ADL) hierarchy scale, the cognitive performance scale (CPS) and comorbid conditions.

Methods: The cross-sectional retrospective analysis of 357 nursing homes in Switzerland was based on data of the Minimum Data Set of the Resident Assessment Instrument 2.

[Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS)].

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is still an etiologically poorly understood chronic pain syndrome. BPS is a clinical diagnosis. The current treatment modalities are aimed at symptom relief because no cure is possible.

Label-free, three-dimensional multiphoton microscopy of the connective tissue in the anterior vaginal wall.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a nonlinear, high-resolution laser scanning technique and a powerful approach for analyzing the spatial architecture within tissues. To demonstrate the potential of this technique for studying the extracellular matrix of the pelvic organs, we aimed to establish protocols for the detection of collagen and elastin in the vagina and to compare the MPM density of these fibers to fibers detected using standard histological methods.

Methods: Samples of the anterior vaginal wall were obtained from nine patients undergoing a hysterectomy or cystocele repair.

Conjugates of cytochrome and antennapedia peptide activate apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of HeLa cancer cells.

Polycationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) deliver macromolecules into cells without losing the functional properties of the cargoed macromolecule. The aim of this study was to determine whether exogenous cytochrome is delivered to HeLa cervical carcinoma cells by the CPP antennapedia (Antp) and activates apoptosis. HeLa cervical carcinoma cells were treated with conjugated Antp-SMCC-cytochrome (cytochrome chemically conjugated to Antp) or with non-conjugated Antp and cytochrome .

Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence: a comparison of outcomes in premenopausal versus postmenopausal women.

Objectives: Previous studies examining the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for urinary incontinence in premenopausal and postmenopausal women have shown ambiguous results. The aim of this study was to compare subjective PFMT outcome in premenopausal versus postmenopausal women.

Methods: This is a retrospective study including premenopausal and postmenopausal women after PFMT for urodynamically proven stress urinary incontinence, mixed urinary incontinence, or urgency urinary incontinence from January 2003 to December 2008, with assessment of the need of an incontinence surgery in a follow-up time of least 24 months.

Developmental potential of human oocytes matured in vitro followed by vitrification and activation.

Background: Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and cryopreservation at the time of routine ovarian tissue freezing may be offered to cancer patients as an additional option for fertility preservation. This study aimed to investigate the developmental capacity of oocytes isolated from unstimulated ovaries.

Methods: Immature oocytes (n = 63) from seven consenting premenopausal patients were analysed.

Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial with Bryophyllum pinnatum versus placebo for the treatment of overactive bladder in postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a chronic disorder that often requires long-term treatment. There is a growing interest in new substances. In vitro experiments of Bryophyllum pinnatum (BP) on porcine bladder muscle have shown a muscle-relaxing effect.

Twelve months effect on voiding function of retropubic compared with outside-in and inside-out transobturator midurethral slings.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to compare retropubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) with transobturator out-in TOT and in-out TVT-O for female stress urinary incontinence. Uroflow rate was primary; continence rates, quality of life (QoL) and complication pattern were secondary endpoints.

Methods: A prospective randomised trial with 2:1:1 randomisation at two Swiss teaching hospitals.

Patient satisfaction after retropubic and transobturator slings: first assessment using the Incontinence Outcome Questionnaire (IOQ).

Introduction And Hypothesis: The aim of the Incontinence Outcome Questionnaire (IOQ) is to assess quality of life and patient-reported outcome after midurethral slings.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 626 patients with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year were sent the IOQ. Four hundred twenty-two of 626 (67.

FDG uptake in vaginal tampons is caused by urinary contamination and related to tampon position.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the aetiology of FDG uptake in vaginal tampons (VT), a known artefact in premenopausal women evaluated by PET/CT.

Methods: This Institutional Review Board approved study consisted of retrospective and prospective parts. The retrospective analysis included 685 women examined between January 2008 and December 2009 regarding VT presence.

[Aging-related changes of the female pelvic floor].

The pelvic floor as lower closure of the abdominal cavity has to withstand the abdominal pressure. Meanwhile, the pelvic floor has to allow physiologic functions like micturition, defecation, sexual function and reproduction. But while pregnancy and vaginal delivery damage the pelvic floor directly, chronic stress like caugh, heavy lifting, or obesity lead to a chronic overstraining of the pelvic floor.