Ultrathin Bronchoscopy Without Virtual Navigation for Diagnosis of Peripheral Lung Lesions.

Background: The increasing incidence of encountering lung nodules necessitates an ongoing search for improved diagnostic procedures. Various bronchoscopic technologies have been introduced or are in development, but further studies are needed to define a method that fits best in clinical practice and health care systems.

Research Question: How do basic bronchoscopic tools including a combination of thin (outer diameter 4.

Interstitial Lung Disease and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis: a World Trade Center Cohort 20-Year Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: World Trade Center (WTC) exposure is associated with obstructive airway diseases and sarcoidosis. There is limited research regarding the incidence and progression of non-sarcoidosis interstitial lung diseases (ILD) after WTC-exposure. ILD encompasses parenchymal diseases which may lead to progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF).

Characteristics, Outcomes and 60-Day Hospital Mortality of ICU Patients with COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: AKI has been reported in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and it is associated with higher mortality. The aim of our study is to describe characteristics, outcomes, and 60-day hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in which all adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to ICUs of Montefiore Medical Center and developing AKI were included.

Maximum entropy theory and the rapid relaxation of three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic turbulence.

Turbulent flow in a rapidly rotating stably stratified fluid (quasi-geostrophic turbulence) commonly decays toward a stable pattern of large-scale jets or vortices. A formula for the most probable three-dimensional end state, the maximum entropy state (MES), is derived using a form of Lynden-Bell statistical mechanics. The MES is determined by a set of integral invariants, including energy, as opposed to a complete description of the initial condition.