β3-Adrenergic receptor overexpression in cardiomyocytes preconditions mitochondria to withstand ischemia-reperfusion injury.

β3-Adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonists have been shown to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Since β3ARs are present both in cardiomyocytes and in endothelial cells, the cellular compartment responsible for this protection has remained unknown. Using transgenic mice constitutively expressing the human β3AR (hβ3AR) in cardiomyocytes or in the endothelium on a genetic background of null endogenous β3AR expression, we show that only cardiomyocyte expression protects against IRI (45 min ischemia followed by reperfusion over 24 h).

Retrospective, Real Life Study on the Effectiveness and Safety of a Depigmented-Polymerized Subcutaneous Vaccine Containing a Mixture of Grasses and Olea europaea.

Introduction: Allergen immunotherapy is the only modifying treatment of the natural course of respiratory allergic diseases; however, the lack of evidence leads to little inconclusive results. Real life studies are on the rise and are becoming a valuable tool to confirm and complement findings from clinical trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a depigmented-polymerized undiluted subcutaneous extract of grass and olive pollen, under routine clinical practice conditions.

Xenoestrogen concentration in women with endometriosis or leiomyomas: A case-control study.

Background: Xenoestrogens are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals capable of altering the endocrine system of humans and animals owing to their molecular similarity to endogenous hormones. There is limited data regarding their effects on women´s health. Chronic exposure to xenoestrogens can promote the development of estrogen-related diseases.

Hypofractionated whole breast IMRT with HDR brachytherapy boost in early-stage breast cancer: Long-term results from a single-center.

Introduction/objectives: The addition of a boost to the lumpectomy bed after whole-breast (WB) radiotherapy plays a key role in the treatment of patients with breast cancer (BC). The clinical benefits of a boost with high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) after conventional fractionation is supported by a large body of evidence. However, few studies have described its outcomes after a hypofractionated scheme.

Jorge clinical study: 10-year outcomes of risk-adapted radiotherapy defined by multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer.

Purpose: To analyze the 10-year biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with localized prostate adenocarcinoma treated with radiotherapy (RT) ± androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), according to the risk groups based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) instead of digital rectal exam (DRE).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 140 consecutive patients diagnosed with localized prostate adenocarcinoma, stratified into different risk groups-low (LR), intermediate (IR), and high (HR) by mpMRI results.

Results: After a median follow-up of 104 months, in LR group (n = 15), 10-year BRFS was 86.

MYH10 activation rescues contractile defects in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM).

The most prevalent genetic form of inherited arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is caused by mutations in desmosomal plakophilin-2 (PKP2). By studying pathogenic deletion mutations in the desmosomal protein PKP2, here we identify a general mechanism by which PKP2 delocalization restricts actomyosin network organization and cardiac sarcomeric contraction in this untreatable disease. Computational modeling of PKP2 variants reveals that the carboxy-terminal (CT) domain is required for N-terminal domain stabilization, which determines PKP2 cortical localization and function.

Beta-3 adrenergic receptor overexpression reverses aortic stenosis-induced heart failure and restores balanced mitochondrial dynamics.

Aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). There is a lack of therapies able to prevent/revert AS-induced HF. Beta3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) signaling is beneficial in several forms of HF.

Sustained Elevated Blood Pressure Accelerates Atherosclerosis Development in a Preclinical Model of Disease.

The continuous relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular events makes the distinction between elevated BP and hypertension based on arbitrary cut-off values for BP. Even mild BP elevations manifesting as high-normal BP have been associated with cardiovascular risk. We hypothesize that persistent elevated BP increases atherosclerotic plaque development.

Breast cancer radiotherapy: What physicians need to know in the era of the precision medicine.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and encompasses a broad spectrum of diseases in one with significant epidemiological, clinical, and biological heterogeneity, which determines a different natural history and prognostic profile. Although classical tumour staging (TNM) still provides valuable information, the current reality is that the clinicians must consider other biological and molecular factors that directly influence treatment decision-making. The management of breast cancer has changed radically in the last 15 years due to significant advances in our understanding of these tumours.

The pharmaceutical solvent N-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP) attenuates inflammation through Krüppel-like factor 2 activation to reduce atherogenesis.

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a versatile water-miscible polar aprotic solvent. It is used as a drug solubilizer and penetration enhancer in human and animal, yet its bioactivity properties remain elusive. Here, we report that NMP is a bioactive anti-inflammatory compound well tolerated in vivo, that shows efficacy in reducing disease in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.

High-dose neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone followed by surgery in potentially-resectable stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC. A multi-institutional retrospective study by the Oncologic Group for the Study of Lung Cancer (Spanish Radiation Oncology Society).

Background: The optimal induction treatment in potentially-resectable stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC remains undefined.

Aim: To compare neoadjuvant high-dose chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CHT) in patients with resectable, stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Retrospective, multicentre study of 99 patients diagnosed with stage cT1-T3N2M0 NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant treatment (high-dose CRT or CHT) followed by surgery between January 2005 and December 2014.

Impact of Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the treatment of prostate cancer: Initial experience in Spain.

Aim: To evaluate whether positron-emission tomography/computed tomography with Ga-PSMA (Ga-PSMA PET/CT) influences the therapeutic management of patients with primary or recurrent prostate cancer (PCa).

Background: Although Ga-PSMA PET/CT is one of the best options for staging or restaging patients with PCa, its availability is still very limited in Spain. The present study reports the results of the first group of patients in Spain who underwent Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-guided salvage radiotherapy in prostate cancer.

Aim: To analyse the efficacy and toxicity of postprostatectomy SRT in patients with a BCR evaluated with mpMRI.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has the ability to detect the site of pelvic recurrence in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). However, we do not know the oncological outcomes of mpMRI-guided savage radiotherapy (SRT).

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs Are Required in a Department of Surgery: "How" Is the Question A Quasi-Experimental Study: Results after Three Years.

Our aim was to describe our antimicrobial stewardship program and the methodology based on the results in a surgical department. Our study was a quasi-experimental study conducted from January 1, 2009, through September 30, 2017. The site was the General and Digestive Surgery Department in a public primary referral center, the University Hospital of Getafe (Madrid, Spain).

Antibody responses to influenza vaccine in patients on biological therapy: Results of RIER cohort study.

Background And Objectives: Influenza vaccine is recommended for patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases who receive biological therapy. To evaluate if biological therapy impairs immunization after seasonal influenza vaccine.

Material And Methods: Patients with inflammatory arthopathies, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease or connective tissue diseases who were receiving or were going to initiate biological therapy were included and vaccinated during 2014-2015 influenza season.

A systematic follow-up protocol achieving a low hemodialysis graft thrombosis rate.

Introduction: Graft is an alternative to native arteriovenous fistula to ensure permanent vascular access in hemodialysis patients. The most common complication is significant stenosis, which frequently causes thrombosis and graft loss. Periodic monitoring and surveillance with elective correction of stenotic lesions can prolong graft survival.

Prehospital triage for mass casualty incidents using the META method for early surgical assessment: retrospective validation of a hospital trauma registry.

Background: In mass casualty incidents (MCI), death usually occurs within the first few hours and thus early transfer to a trauma centre can be crucial in selected cases. However, most triage systems designed to prioritize the transfer to hospital of these patients do not assess the need for surgery, in part due to inconclusive evidence regarding the value of such an assessment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of a new triage system-the Prehospital Advanced Triage Method (META)-to identify victims who could benefit from urgent surgical assessment in case of MCI.

Hyponatremia in children with pneumonia rarely means SIADH.

Background: Hyponatremia (HN) < 135 mmol/L is a frequent finding in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to determine the proportion of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) among patients with CAP and HN. Moreover, we wished to investigate the relationship between HN and inflammatory markers, bacterial etiology and prognosis in hospitalized children with CAP.

Preoperative diagnosis of atypical pelvic leiomyoma and sarcoma: the potential role of diffusion-weighted imaging.

The objective of our study was to determine the utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (DWMR) to differentiate the atypical uterine leiomyomas and sarcomas, establishing a cut-off value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to rule out the malignancy. We performed a diagnostic accuracy retrospective study including 10 patients with pelvic sarcomas and 17 patients with leiomyomas. Atypical morphological features in magnetic resonance (MR) studies occurred in 58.

Mirabegron, a Clinically Approved β3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist, Does Not Reduce Infarct Size in a Swine Model of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction.

The administration of the selective β3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonist BRL-37344 protects from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), although the lack of clinical approval limits its translatability. We tested the cardioprotective effect of mirabegron, the first-in-class β3AR agonist approved for human use. A dose-response study was conducted in 6 pigs to select the highest intravenous dose of mirabegron without significant detrimental hemodynamic effect.

Correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient values in breast magnetic resonance imaging and prognostic factors of breast invasive ductal carcinoma.

Background: We wanted to examine whether the apparent diffusion coefficient values obtained by diffusion-weighted imaging techniques could indicate an early prognostic assessment for patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and, therefore, influence the treatment decision making.

Objective: The main objective was to evaluate the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient values obtained by diffusion-weighted imaging and the key prognostic factors in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. Secondary objectives were to analyze the eventual correlations between magnetic resonance imaging findings and prognostic factors in breast cancer; and to perform a comparison between results in 1.

Impact of a patient blood management program within an Orthogeriatric care service.

Background: Patient blood management (PBM) performs multidisciplinary strategies to optimize red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Orthogeriatric share care models (surgeon and geriatrician manage the patient together from admission) have the goal of improving outcomes in hip fracture patients.

Material And Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted.

[Assessment of clinical complications and their associated factors in hip-fracture patients in an Acute Geriatric Orthopaedic Unit].

Introduction: The incidence of clinical complications in hip fracture (HF) patients is high and variable due to their heterogeneous nature. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical complications and their associated factors in HF patients admitted to the Orthopaedic Geriatric Unit of a 283 bed University Hospital. An average of 200 HF patients is attended yearly.

Neutrophil stunning by metoprolol reduces infarct size.

The β1-adrenergic-receptor (ADRB1) antagonist metoprolol reduces infarct size in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The prevailing view has been that metoprolol acts mainly on cardiomyocytes. Here, we demonstrate that metoprolol reduces reperfusion injury by targeting the haematopoietic compartment.

[Intravenous iron, functional recovery and delirium in patients with hip fracture. FEDEREF study. Single-centre randomised, placebo-controlled, and double-blind clinical trial. 2014-001923-53: EudraCT number].

Introduction: There are no previous studies evaluating the effect of intravenous iron therapy on functional and cognitive status of patients with hip fracture (HF).

Material And Methods: A single-centre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind and parallel treatment, clinical trial has been designed to assess the efficacy of intravenous iron therapy during the peri-operative period in elderly patients suffering from a HF. Blinding will be ensured by the packaging of the drug infusion system.