Publications by authors named "David Sandoval"

Article Synopsis
  • Stomatal opening in leaves helps regulate carbon and water exchange, crucial for understanding plant responses to climate change.
  • New optimality-based models analyze stomatal behavior but often overlook how plants adjust biochemically to drought stress.
  • A study on 37 plant species shows that including photosynthetic acclimation in these models significantly improves predictions of carbon assimilation during drought conditions.
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Rechargeable batteries currently power much of our world, but with the increased demand for electric vehicles (EVs) capable of traveling hundreds of miles on a single charge, new paradigms are necessary for overcoming the limits of energy density, particularly in rechargeable batteries. The emergence of reversible anionic redox reactions presents a promising direction toward achieving this goal; however this process has both positive and negative effects on battery performance. While it often leads to higher capacity, anionic redox also causes several unfavorable effects such as voltage fade, voltage hysteresis, sluggish kinetics, and oxygen loss.

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Background: There is limited understanding regarding the inhibition of structural damage in the sacroiliac joint of patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. This study evaluated the effect of the interleukin-17A inhibitor ixekizumab versus placebo on structural lesions in the sacroiliac joints as assessed by MRI at week 16 in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis from the COAST-X study.

Methods: COAST-X was a 52-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study done at 107 sites in 15 countries in Europe, Asia, North America, and South America.

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Objectives: To study the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab (IXE) in patients with radiographic (r-) and non-radiographic (nr-)axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) for up to 116 weeks.

Methods: COAST-Y (NCT03129100) is the 2-year extension study following COAST-V, COAST-W and COAST-X. Patients were treated with either 80 mg IXE every 4 weeks or 2 weeks, as assigned in the originating studies.

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Introduction/objectives: To evaluate the three-year efficacy and safety of ixekizumab with and without concomitant conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) use in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Method: Patients with PsA who were biologic-naïve (SPIRIT-P1, NCT01695239) or had prior inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (SPIRIT-P2, NCT02349295) were randomized to receive 80-mg ixekizumab every four weeks after receiving 160-mg ixekizumab at baseline. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity were evaluated in this post-hoc analysis in three subgroups: (1) ixekizumab monotherapy, (2) ixekizumab and methotrexate (MTX), (3) ixekizumab and any csDMARD (including MTX).

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Objectives: Assess baseline characteristics and treatment response to ixekizumab (IXE) categorised by sex in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) and non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) up to 52 weeks.

Methods: Data were analysed from three randomised controlled trials of IXE through 52 weeks. Patients fulfilled ASAS classification criteria for r-axSpA or nr-axSpA and were randomised to receive 80 mg subcutaneous administration of IXE every 2 weeks (Q2W) or 4 weeks (Q4W), or placebo (16 weeks COAST-V/W; 52 weeks COAST-X).

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to assess how effective ixekizumab is for patients with radiographic axial spa (r-axSpA) after 16 weeks, comparing those with different levels of inflammation as indicated by serum CRP and MRI results.
  • Participants included biologic-naïve individuals and those previously treated with TNF inhibitors, receiving either ixekizumab or a placebo; outcomes were measured using the ASAS40 response rate at week 16.
  • Results showed that ixekizumab significantly improved ASAS40 response rates compared to placebo across various inflammation levels, indicating it is effective for treating both high and low inflammation cases of r-axSpA.
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Objective: To evaluate the long-term effect of ixekizumab (IXE) on radiographic changes in the spine in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) by measuring change from baseline through 2 years in modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS), and to identify potential predictors of progression.

Methods: This study evaluates patients from COAST-V (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02696785, biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naïve) and COAST-W (NCT02696798, tumor necrosis factor inhibitor-experienced) who had mSASSS data at baseline in the originating studies and 108 weeks after baseline in the extension study COAST-Y (NCT03129100).

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Background: Patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis experience negative impacts on sleep, work productivity, and activity impairment. Ixekizumab, a monoclonal antibody selectively targeting interleukin-17A, has shown efficacy in treating the signs and symptoms of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. This analysis evaluated the effect of ixekizumab treatment on sleep, work productivity, and activity impairment in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the symptoms, treatment patterns, and quality of life (QoL) of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients to non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) patients in the USA.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with rheumatologists and their consulting patients in the USA from June through August 2018. Patients who had a rheumatologist confirmed diagnosis of AS and nr-axSpA were eligible to participate.

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Introduction: Ixekizumab, an interleukin-17A antibody, has shown efficacy in non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA). The objectives of this analysis were (a) to measure improvement in ixekizumab-treated patients in Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) response domains and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and (b) to determine how ASAS responses were associated with changes in patient global disease activity (PtGA), spinal pain, function, stiffness, fatigue, and spinal pain at night.

Methods: COAST-X was a phase 3, 52-week multicenter, randomized, controlled trial investigating the efficacy and safety of 80-mg ixekizumab every 2 weeks (Q2W) and every 4 weeks (Q4W) in patients with active nr-axSpA.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study examines how atmospheric aridity and drought affect plant leaf physiology, particularly the ratio of internal to external CO2 pressure (χ), which relates to stomatal conductance and photosynthesis, and finds that existing models often overlook soil water's influence on this ratio.
  • - Using stable carbon isotope data from various woody plant species, researchers discovered that the costs associated with water transport increase as soil dries, leading to a linear decrease in the ratio of cost factors for carbon uptake and transpiration (β) with reduced soil water.
  • - The findings indicate that both angiosperms and gymnosperms respond similarly to soil water stress, and incorporating soil water conditions into models improves predictions of χ by approximately 6.3
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Introduction: Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are burdened with symptoms impacting work productivity measured by presenteeism, absenteeism, overall work impairment, and activity impairment. Ixekizumab, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody selectively targeting interleukin-17A, has been demonstrated to improve disease signs and symptoms in two phase 3 trials of AS. This study investigated for 52 weeks the effect of ixekizumab treatment on work productivity in patients with active AS.

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Introduction: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved certolizumab-pegol, the first biologic for the treatment of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA), for use in the United States (US) in March of 2019. The objective of this study was to investigate biologic use and reasons for switching therapy among patients with nr-axSpA in the US.

Methods: This was a real-world, cross-sectional study of rheumatologists conducted in the US.

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Introduction: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was designed as a minimally invasive method for evaluation of nodal involvement in patients with penile cancer and nonpalpable lymph nodes. Nevertheless, SLNB is not used in a regular basis due to the lack of studies that adequately characterize the performance of this procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of SLNB in patients with infiltrative penile carcinoma without palpable inguinal lymph nodes in a Colombian population.

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Background: There has been much variation between epidemiological studies that report the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic prevalence rates and treatment patterns of male and female AS patients in the United States adult insured population from 2006 to 2016.

Methods: Trends in AS prevalence were calculated for the 11-year period covering January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016.

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Introduction: Ixekizumab, a humanized interleukin-17A antibody, has shown efficacy in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), with a greater proportion of ixekizumab-treated patients achieving an ASAS40 (Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society 40) endpoint compared to placebo. An ASAS40 response is a high standard that is not routinely used in clinical practice. The goals of this study were (a) to measure improvement in ixekizumab-treated patients in the four ASAS treatment response domains and in other patient-reported outcomes, and (b) to determine how the ASAS response was associated with changes in spinal pain at night, fatigue, sleep, and the Short Form 36-Item Physical Component Summary (SF-36 PCS).

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Introduction: The primary goals of treating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients are to maximize long-term health-related quality of life through control of symptoms and inflammation, prevention of progressive structural damage, and preservation of function. The objective of this study was to describe treatment patterns (persistence, discontinuations, and switch) in the 2 years following the initiation of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) therapy in AS patients.

Methods: Adult patients with ≥ 2 AS diagnostic codes (ICD-9: 720.

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Introduction: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthropathy that exhibits heterogeneity in clinical presentation and severity of skin and joint symptoms. This heterogeneity results in an incomplete understanding of the relationship between the skin and joint components of PsA, and their relative impact on PsA disease activity and patient-reported outcomes. The objective of the study was to Investigate the clinical presentation of joint and active skin symptom involvement and the associated impact on physician- and patient-reported outcomes [patient global assessment (PtGA), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and physical function), and healthcare resource burden in patients with PsA.

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The first example of a general asymmetric nitrosocarbonyl hetero-ene reaction is described. The procedure uses a copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of a commercially available chiral nitrosocarbonyl precursor (EleNOr) and is operationally simple. The transformation is both high yielding and highly diastereoselective for a range of silyl enol ether derivatives.

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An efficient overall two-step strategy for the synthesis of (E)-5-aminoallyl-pyrimidine-5'-triphoshate, starting from commercially available pyrimidine-5'-triphosphate is described. The method involves regioselective iodination of pyrimidine-5'-triphosphate, followed by the palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling with allylamine. The catalytic reaction is highly stereoselective and compatible with many functional groups present in the reactants.

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The copper-catalyzed α-amination of carbonyl compounds using nitrosoformate intermediates as the electrophilic source of nitrogen is reported. The reaction merges aerobic oxidation and Lewis acid catalysis. The scope of the reaction is broad in terms of both the N-substituted hydroxylamines and the β-ketoesters.

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TiCl(4) and TiBr(4) rapidly transform cyclopropenylmethyl acetates to (E)-halodienes via ring-opening to allyl-vinyl cations. DFT calculations suggest that the regioselectivity of the halogenation of this cationic intermediate by [TiX(4)OAc](-) is under thermodynamic control, while the stereoselectivity is governed by kinetics.

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