Transferring the C-terminus of the chemokine CCL21 to CCL19 confers enhanced heparin binding.

Chemokines direct the migration of cells during various immune processes and are involved in many disease states. For example, CCL19 and CCL21, through activation of the CCR7 receptor, recruit dendritic cells and naïve T-cells to the secondary lymphoid organs aiding in balancing immune response and tolerance. However, CCL19 and CCL21 can also direct the metastasis of CCR7 expressing cancers.

Six pairs of things to celebrate on International Clinical Trials Day.

The Editor has invited me to mark the occasion with a few words "on the development and/or impact of randomised trials over the last decade, or perhaps some thoughts about the future." I do so here by citing some recent developments that give me cause for both pride about the present state of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and optimism about their future. Respecting the sample size of James Lind's trial and the space allotted me by the Editor, they appear in six pairs.