Endobronchial mucosal nodules and actinomycosis in a child with activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta syndrome (APDS).

In this report, we describe a case of a 5-year-old girl with poor growth and unresolving pneumonia. Bronchoscopy showed numerous endobronchial mucosal nodules, consisting of dense lymphoid infiltrates. Bacterial culture of the nodule biopsy suggested endobronchial actinomycosis.

Clinical Characteristics and Transmission of COVID-19 in Children and Youths During 3 Waves of Outbreaks in Hong Kong.

Importance: Schools were closed intermittently across Hong Kong to control the COVID-19 outbreak, which led to significant physical and psychosocial problems among children and youths.

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics and sources of infection among children and youths with COVID-19 during the 3 waves of outbreaks in Hong Kong in 2020.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study involved children and youths aged 18 years or younger with COVID-19 in the 3 waves of outbreaks from January 23 through December 2, 2020.

Childhood bronchiolitis obliterans in Hong Kong-case series over a 20-year period.

Background And Objective: Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare but serious condition. The natural history and outcomes remain poorly understood. In this clinical review, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children diagnosed with BO in Hong Kong (HK).

Influenza vaccine effectiveness in hospitalised Hong Kong children: Feasibility of estimates from routine surveillance data.

Background: Hong Kong has a high burden of influenza hospitalisation. This study estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness in hospitalised Hong Kong children aged 6 months to below 6 years using data potentially obtainable from routine surveillance sources.

Methods: This 'test-negative' case-control study was conducted over two summer and one winter influenza seasons in five public Hong Kong hospitals during 2015 and 2016.

Rapid defervescence after doxycycline treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia in children.

We did a retrospective review of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection hospitalized from March 2010 to March 2013. Mycoplasma-resistant M. pneumoniae constituted 70% of the total M.

Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome in a child with pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus.

We report a case of hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy in a child with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza infection. The patient succumbed within 3 days of admission.

A 7-year-old boy dying of acute encephalopathy.

A 7 year old Chinese boy died of a rapidly progressive encephalopathy after influenza infection. MRI showed bilateral and symmetrical lesions including the thalamus and brainstem tegmentum. The pathology of necrosis and vasculopathy were in keeping with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE).

Spontaneous neonatal chylothorax treated with octreotide.

Chylothorax is the most common cause of pleural effusion causing respiratory distress in the neonate. Cases unresponsive to conservative management usually require surgery. We report a case of spontaneous neonatal chylothorax where surgery was avoided with the compassionate trail of octreotide.