Frozen Shoulder.

Adhesive capsulitis (AC) develops spontaneously without a known cause and is a common cause of painful shoulder. The natural history of AC can last until 36 months and it is classically considered a self-limiting entity, however there is a high rate of refractory cases to conventional treatment with residual deficits during years. There is no consensus on the therapeutic guidelines to be followed in patients with AC.

Mid-Term Results of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Adhesive Capsulitis Resistant to Conservative Treatment.

Purpose: To evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for adhesive capsulitis (AC) resistant to medical treatments.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective analysis performed between February 2016 and February 2020. Inclusion criteria for TAE were shoulder pain, restriction of movement and no response to conservative treatment for at least 3 months.