Publications by authors named "David Rojo"

Background And Aims: In response to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy, patients who experience a decrease in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) considerably reduce liver complications and have increased survival. This study aimed to assess the metabolomic changes associated with the changes in HVPG from the start of DAA therapy until 48 weeks after effective DAA therapy in patients with advanced HCV-related cirrhosis.

Methods: We carried out a multicenter longitudinal study in 31 patients with advanced hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis.

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Background: Altered bacterial translocation is associated with changes in hepatic function and the progression from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis. Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score is an essential indicator of liver severity. Thus, we aimed to study differences in the blood microbiome together with metabolome profile between HCV-infected patients with CTP class B (CTP-B, significant functional compromise) and patients with CTP class A (CTP-A, well-compensated cirrhosis).

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Background: The pathological mechanism of the gastrointestinal forms of food allergies is less understood in comparison to other clinical phenotypes, such as asthma and anaphylaxis Importantly, high-IgE levels are a poor prognostic factor in gastrointestinal allergies.

Methods: This study investigated how high-IgE levels influence the development of intestinal inflammation and the metabolome in allergic enteritis (AE), using IgE knock-in (IgEki) mice expressing high levels of IgE. In addition, correlation of the altered metabolome with gut microbiome was analysed.

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Article Synopsis
  • Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the health of people with HIV (PWH), yet they still experience chronic inflammation and immune activation despite effective treatment.
  • A study was conducted comparing the plasma metabolomic profiles of 17 PWH on long-term ART with 19 healthy controls, using advanced statistical methods to analyze the data.
  • Results showed that while there were no major differences in metabolomic profiles between the groups, three significant metabolites related to inflammation were identified in PWH, indicating some residual metabolic changes linked to inflammation even after effective treatment.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often not recognized or is diagnosed very late, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of available pharmacological treatments. Metabolomic analyzes have great potential for improving existing knowledge about the pathogenesis and etiology of AD and represent a novel approach towards discovering biomarkers that could be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring. In this study, we applied the untargeted metabolomic approach to investigate the changes in biochemical pathways related to AD pathology.

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Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most prevalent food allergies in children. Several studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota influences the acquisition of oral tolerance to food antigens at initial stages of life. Changes in the gut microbiota composition and/or functionality (i.

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An oxidative degradation product of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), is of particular interest in cancer research due to its concentration-dependent pleiotropic activities affecting cellular antioxidants, metabolism, and growth control. Although an increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation was already associated with prostate cancer progression a few decades ago, the knowledge of the involvement of 4-HNE in prostate cancer tumorigenesis is limited. This study investigated the appearance of 4-HNE-protein adducts in prostate cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry using a genuine 4-HNE monoclonal antibody.

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The Bolivian Chaco is a semiarid region with a low population density, situated in the southeast part of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Here, despite the improvements of the last 15 years, poverty remains high in rural areas, where social vulnerability is widespread. The Guaraní ethnic group often lives in isolated communities with a low standard of hygiene and sanitation.

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GC-MS for untargeted metabolomics is a well-established technique. Small molecules and molecules made volatile by derivatization can be measured and those compounds are key players in main biological pathways. This tutorial provides ready-to-use protocols for GC-MS-based metabolomics, using either the well-known low-resolution approach (GC-Q-MS) with nominal mass or the more recent high-resolution approach (GC-QTOF-MS) with accurate mass, discussing their corresponding strengths and limitations.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the impact of nutritional supplementation on inflammation and immune function in HIV-infected children undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • A total of 24 children were randomly assigned to receive either a nutritional supplement combining symbiotics, omega-3/6 fatty acids, and amino acids or a placebo for four weeks.
  • The results showed no significant changes in inflammatory or immune markers, but correlations between gut bacteria and immune responses suggest that the microbiota may play a role in modulating immune function in these children.
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Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant central nervous system tumor types. Comparative analysis of GBM tissues has rendered four major molecular subtypes. From them, two molecular subtypes are mainly found in their glioblastoma cancer stem-like cells (GSCs) derived : proneural (PN) and mesenchymal (MES) with nodular (MES-N) and semi-nodular (MES-SN) disseminations, which exhibit different metabolic, growth, and malignancy properties.

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Background: A better understanding of the evolution of cirrhosis after hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance is essential since the reversal of liver injury may not happen. We aimed to assess the evolution of plasma metabolites after direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy and their association with liver disease scores in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with advanced HCV-related cirrhosis.

Methods: We performed a prospective study in 49 cirrhotic patients who started DAAs therapy.

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Due to many adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the mother and fetus, its diagnosis is crucial. The presence of GDM can be confirmed by an abnormal fasting plasma glucose level (aFPG) and/or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed mostly between 24 and 28 gestational week. Both aFPG and abnormal glucose tolerance (aGT) are used to diagnose GDM.

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Introduction: The silver/graphitic carbon nitride (Ag/g-CN) composite system exerts biocidal activity against the pathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli 1337-H that is stronger than that of well-known silver and titanium oxide (TiO)-based composites. However, whether the Ag/g-CN composite system has biocidal properties that the parent components do or do not have as separate chemical entities and whether they differ from those in Ag/TiO composite photocatalysts have not been clarified.

Objective: We investigated the chemical (cooperative charge handling and electronic properties) and biological (metabolic) effects exerted by the addition of Ag to g-CN and to TiO.

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Gut microbiota represents a complex physiological ecosystem that influences the host health. Alterations in the microbiome metabolism affect the body homeostasis and they have been associated with the development of different human neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, depression, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, posttraumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia. The development of these complex diseases is influenced by various factors, including genetic predisposition and environmental triggers.

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Filterable microorganisms participate in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycling in freshwater systems, however their exact functional role remains unknown. We determined the taxonomic identity and community dynamics of prokaryotic microbiomes in the 0.22 µm-filtered fraction and unfiltered freshwater from the Conwy River (North Wales, UK) in microcosms and, using targeted metabolomics and 14C-labelling, examined their role in the utilization of amino acids, organic acids and sugars spiked at environmentally-relevant (nanomolar) concentrations.

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Obesity has reached an epidemic level worldwide, and bariatric surgery (BS) has been proven to be the most efficient therapy to reduce severe obesity-related comorbidities. Given that the gut microbiota plays a causal role in obesity development and that surgery may alter the gut environment, investigating the impact of BS on the microbiota in the context of severe obesity is important. Although, alterations at the level of total gut bacteria, total gene content and total metabolite content have started to be disentangled, a clear deficit exists regarding the analysis of the active fraction of the microbiota, which is the fraction that is most reactive to the BS.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A novel enzymatic approach using TMA monooxygenases (Tmms) to convert TMA into odorless trimethylamine-oxide (TMAO) was proposed, with various bacterial Tmms identified and tested for their biocatalytic effectiveness.
  • * Out of 45 Tmm candidates, eight enzymes were selected for high activity against TMA, with optimal performance conditions identified, suggesting potential for improving marine biorefineries and the quality of peptide ingredients.
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The connection between gut microbiota and human health is becoming increasingly relevant and the number of groups working in this field is constantly growing. In this context, from high-throughput gene sequencing to metabolomics analysis, the omics technologies have contributed enormously to unveil the secret crosstalk between us and our microbes. All the omics technologies produce a great amount of information, and processing this information is time-consuming and expensive.

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Background & Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cirrhosis induce metabolic disorders. Here, we aimed to evaluate the association of plasma metabolites with Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and hepatic decompensation in HIV/HCV-coinfected and HCV-monoinfected patients with advanced cirrhosis.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 62 HIV/HCV-coinfected and 28 HCV-monoinfected patients.

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In the Bolivian Chaco, recent surveys documented a dramatic decrease in the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections as compared with the 1980s after thirty years of preventive chemotherapy (PC). Concomitant immunological rearrangements are expected. Because nematode infections are associated with increased levels of circulating IgE and glycoprotein CD30 soluble form (sCD30), this study aims to evaluate changes in serological markers of T helper (Th)2-cells activity between 1987 (high STH prevalence) and 2013 (low STH prevalence) in rural communities in the Bolivian Chaco area.

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Composition of the gut microbiota changes during ageing, but questions remain about whether age is also associated with deficits in microbiome function and whether these changes occur sharply or progressively. The ability to define these deficits in populations of different ages may help determine a chronological age threshold at which deficits occur and subsequently identify innovative dietary strategies for active and healthy ageing. Here, active gut microbiota and associated metabolic functions were evaluated using shotgun proteomics in three well-defined age groups consisting of 30 healthy volunteers, namely, ten infants, ten adults and ten elderly individuals.

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