Publications by authors named "David Riley"

Article Synopsis
  • SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are diabetes treatments that may also lower the risk of pneumonia and severe sepsis in type 2 diabetes patients.
  • A study using electronic medical records analyzed the effects of these drugs versus traditional glucose-lowering therapies and found significant reductions in pneumonia and sepsis risk.
  • The findings suggest that both treatments could improve overall health outcomes beyond glucose control, but more research is needed to understand their full impact.
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  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to higher rates of liver and obesity-related cancers, prompting researchers to investigate the protective effects of aspirin and other anti-platelet drugs on these cancers.
  • A study analyzed medical records of adults with NAFLD to compare the cancer incidence between those taking antiplatelet medication for at least a year versus those who weren't, following them for five years.
  • Results indicated that antiplatelet use significantly lowered the risk of obesity-related cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, with aspirin alone showing a major decrease in HCC incidence.
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As the amygdala is associated with fear and anxiety, it is important to determine the potential effects of gestational stressors on behavior and stress responses in offspring. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal transportation stress on amygdala gene expression in 25-day-old Brahman calves, focusing on sex-specific differences. Amygdala tissue samples from prenatally stressed (PNS) and control bull and heifer calves were analyzed using RNA sequencing.

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Generalist arthropod predators have historically contributed to the suppression of arthropod pests in many agroecosystems. The successful implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) programs hinges on the incorporation of insecticides that are compatible with the biological attributes of natural enemies of pests. A potentially promising pathway is improving biological control by natural enemies through the timely application of selective insecticides.

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Aim: A bidirectional relationship exists between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to examine the cumulative impact of having both OSA and T2D on patient outcomes, relative to having either condition alone.

Materials And Methods: Using TriNetX, a global federated research network (n = 128 million), we undertook two retrospective cohort studies, using time-to-event analysis.

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Maximum dose bioassays were conducted to assess the efficacy of multiple registered active ingredients for diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), control in Georgia and Florida from 2021 to 2023 as a follow-up to an earlier study. Low efficacy (<40% mortality) was recorded for the highest labeled rate of Bacillus thuringiensis var.

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Introduction: Painful idiopathic distal sensory polyneuropathy (IDSP) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) are cryptogenic chronic pain syndromes. The contribution of small fibre pathology (SFP) in FMS remains controversial. This study aims to quantify small nerve pathology in participants with IDSP and FMS and identify relationships of SFP with sensory phenotypes.

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  • The study investigates the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and the risk of micro- and macrovascular diseases in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
  • It used a retrospective cohort analysis of patient records, comparing those with hepatic steatosis and MetS components to those without, looking at how increasing numbers of MetS factors affect disease risk.
  • Results show that MASLD, especially with multiple MetS components, significantly increases the risk for both microvascular (like neuropathy and retinopathy) and macrovascular (like heart attacks and strokes) diseases, with specific MetS factors linked to different levels of risk.
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The number of birds or their total live weight in relation to a given area is known as stocking density; higher stocking densities will cause more stress to the birds, which may have an impact on their physiological state, productivity, carcass quality, growth performance, immunity, metabolism, and meat quality. The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of 2 different stocking densities on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum, and expression of Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), muscle regulatory genes expression and serum biochemical indicators of broilers supplemented with essential oils (EO). In total, 784-day-old chicks of Ross 308 were randomly assigned into 4 different groups with 7 replicates for each: Normal feed (no essential oils [EO] added) and normal stocking as 9 bird/m, (NSD).

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  • - Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) not only help lower glucose levels in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients but also provide significant heart and kidney benefits, especially in preventing heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular deaths.
  • - A study analyzed over 480,000 heart failure patients without diabetes, comparing those on SGLT2is with others on different treatments, finding that SGLT2is significantly lowered the risk of developing T2D.
  • - The reduction in T2D incidence was most notable among patients with prediabetes, with dapagliflozin showing a stronger effect than empagliflozin in preventing new cases of diabetes.
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  • The study evaluated the link between SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in relation to gout occurrence among type 2 diabetes patients using real-world data.
  • A cohort study was conducted, where patients on metformin or insulin with either SGLT2i or GLP-1Ra were matched based on characteristics and assessed over five years for gout incidence.
  • Results indicated that SGLT2i use significantly reduced gout incidence compared to control groups, whereas GLP-1Ra showed no significant difference, suggesting that SGLT2i might be a better option for preventing gout in these patients.
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Background And Aims: We examined the impact of a co-diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on patient outcomes.

Methods: Using TriNetX, a global federated research network (n = 114 million), we undertook two retrospective cohort studies, using time-to-event analysis. Analysis 1 compared MASLD with T2D to MASLD alone; analysis 2 compared T2D with MASLD to T2D alone.

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Aim: To evaluate the impact of denosumab on (i) the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and (ii) long-term health outcomes (microvascular [neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy] and macrovascular [cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accident] complications, and all-cause mortality) in patients with T2D, before (iii) combining results with prior studies using meta-analysis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of data in a large global federated database (TriNetX; Cambridge, MA) was conducted from 331 375 patients, without baseline T2D or cancer, prescribed either denosumab (treatment, n = 45 854) or bisphosphonates (control, n = 285 521), across 83 healthcare organizations. Propensity score matching (1:1) of confounders was undertaken that resulted in 45 851 in each cohort.

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Aims/hypothesis: A protective role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-ra) in the development of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema has been described in some recent studies, which may extend beyond glycaemic control. We aimed to review the clinical impact of SGLT2i and GLP1-ra therapy on the risk of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema in individuals with type 2 diabetes taking insulin.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of approximately two million people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin across 97 healthcare organisations using a global federated health research network (TriNetX, Cambridge, USA).

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  • Infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) may have underlying genetic or congenital anomalies, which could influence their health outcomes, but the extent of this impact is not well understood.
  • In a study of 500 infants with HIE, 5% were found to have genetic or congenital anomalies; these infants showed higher rates of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) compared to those without anomalies.
  • Despite similar severity of HIE, infants with genetic or congenital issues had worse neurological outcomes, including higher instances of cerebral palsy and lower developmental scores at age two.
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Design-Make-Test-Analyse (DMTA) is the discovery cycle through which molecules are designed, synthesised, and assayed to produce data that in turn are analysed to inform the next iteration. The process is repeated until viable drug candidates are identified, often requiring many cycles before reaching a sweet spot. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing presents an opportunity to innovate drug discovery to reduce the number of cycles needed to yield a candidate.

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  • There is a lack of standardized methodology for writing and reporting radiological case reports, despite their increasing numbers.
  • A multidisciplinary team of 40 experts developed the CARE-radiology reporting guideline, influenced by the CARE statement and quality enhancement methodologies.
  • After a thorough review and a Delphi survey, the final checklist consists of 38 items across 16 domains, aimed at improving the quality and completeness of radiological case reports.
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Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is commonly used intravitreally for diabetic proliferative retinopathy, but when used systemically for treating cancers, an excess of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events has been noted. The latter is of concern for people with diabetes, who are at higher risk of CVD. This study aims to explore the relationship between incident CVD and intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy in patients with diabetes, compared to other therapies, using a large real-world global federated dataset.

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A proportion of people with fibromyalgia demonstrate small fibre pathology (SFP). However, it is unclear how SFP directly relates to pain phenomenology. Thirty-three individuals with FMS and ten healthy volunteers underwent assessment of SFP and sensory phenotyping using corneal confocal microscopy, validated questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing (QST).

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Background: Temperament is an important production trait in cattle and multiple strategies had been developed to generate molecular markers to assist animal selection. As nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms are markers with the potential to affect gene functions, they could be useful to predict phenotypic effects. Genetic selection of less stress-responsive, temperamental animals is desirable from an economic and welfare point of view.

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von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most common inherited bleeding disorder, results when patients either do not make enough von Willebrand factor (VWF) or make defective VWF. The pathophysiology of this disorder is complex but needs to be understood to interpret the diagnostic tests. Most patients have mild to moderate symptoms and can be adequately counseled and managed by a general internist, but some need to consult a hematologist.

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Cow temperament at parturition may be mostly a measure of aggressiveness. The heritability of cow temperament at parturition in Bos taurus cows has been reported to be low. The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability of cow temperament at parturition, conduct a genome-wide association analysis of cow temperament at the time of parturition, and estimate the correspondence of cow temperament at the time of parturition with cow productive performance and early-life temperament traits in Bos indicus crossbreds.

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The compression of brittle porous media can lead to the propagation of compaction bands. Although such localization phenomena have been observed in different geometries, including cuboidal and axisymmetric uniaxial compression, the role of boundary geometry on compaction features has yet to be explored, despite its relevance in geological conditions and industrial processes. To this end, we investigate the influence of shaped boundaries and inhomogeneous inclusions in a model brittle material made of puffed rice cereal.

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