Molecular study of the transcription factor SKN-1 and its putative relationship with genes that encode GST and antioxidant enzymes in Haemonchus contortus.

Haemonchus contortus is a parasitic nematode of ruminants. Once inside its host, it is exposed to reactive oxidative species and responds by synthesising antioxidant enzymes as a defence. In Caenorhabditis elegans, antioxidant genes are regulated by the transcription factor skinhead-1 (Cel-SKN-1).

Excreted/Secreted 15-kDa Proteins and Serine Protease Peptides from Act as Immune-Response Enhancers in Lambs.

This study assessed the immunoprotective effect in lambs of a native excreted/secreted 15-kDa protein and two synthesised S28 peptides derived from the infective transitory larvae (xL) and adult stages (AS) of . Twenty-two Pelibuey lambs were divided into negative and positive control groups, as well as immunised lamb groups, with 100 µg of the 15-kDa native protein (15kDaNP) and S28 peptides (S28P). The eggs per gram (EPG) and haematocrit were measured, and AS were counted and morphologically measured.

Assembly and Analysis of Transcriptome as a Tool for the Knowledge of Ivermectin Resistance Mechanisms.

(Hc) is an important parasitic nematode of small ruminants. In this study we assembled the transcriptome of Hc as a model to contribute to the knowledge about the profile of the differential gene expression between two Mexican Hc strains under different anthelmintic resistance statuses, one susceptible and the other resistant to ivermectin (IVMs and IVMr, respectively), in order to improve and/or to have new strategies of control and diagnosis. The transcript sequence reads were assembled and annotated.

In silico analysis of two Haemonchus spp. serine protease peptides (S28) and their immunomodulatory activity in vitro.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro immune modulation of two de novo peptides with hypothetical identity to the serine protease family (S28) from Haemonchus spp. Expression of mRNAs encoding these peptides was confirmed by RTqPCR in L and adult stage parasites. Antibodies from serum samples collected from an H.

Coffee Pulp: A Natural Alternative for Control of Resistant Nematodes in Small Ruminants.

Goat production in Mexico is an important economic activity that is affected by different gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) species. GINs resistant to commercial anthelmintics have been reported. Plant extracts or agro-industrial by-products, such as coffee pulp, have been proposed as control alternatives, given their secondary metabolite content.

Analysis of the immunomodulatory activity of excreted and secreted products from Haemonchus placei transition infective larvae (xL).

The excretory/secretory (E/S) products released by infective transitory larvae (xL) of Haemonchus placei have an important biological function in stimulating immune mechanisms during the invasive process. Our objective was to analyse the modulatory activity of 15 and 70 kDa E/S products from H. placei xL.

The immune gene expression induced by Cooperia punctata in naturally infected calves with resistance and susceptible phenotype traits.

The analysis of the immune gene expression was performed in Zebu × Holstein calves with resistant and susceptible phenotypes naturally infected with Cooperia punctata. Fourteen calves of 4 months old were grazed for 11 weeks under a tropical climate. The parasitic infection showed an average epg value of 1055 ± 1155 and an IgG optical density of 0.

Immune response related to Pelibuey sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes in a tropical region of Mexico.

We analysed the immune response involved in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes. Fifteen Pelibuey lambs were grazed in paddocks contaminated with GI nematodes for 13 weeks. To assess the infection, the number of eggs per gram (epg) and the percentage of packed cell volume (pcv) were evaluated.

Comparative study of transcription profiles of the P-glycoprotein transporters of two Haemonchus contortus isolates: Susceptible and resistant to ivermectin.

The objective of this study was to analyze the mRNA transcription levels of ten functional genes of P-glycoproteins (P-gp) in free life stages, eggs and infective larvae (L) and in endoparasitic stages, fourth larval stage (L) and adult males of two native isolates of Haemonchus contortus: resistant and susceptible to IVM. The IVM resistant isolate was obtained from sheep naturally infected with H. contortus, and the susceptible isolate (with no pressure to IVM) conserved since 1990.

Detection of Gastrointestinal Nematode Populations Resistant to Albendazole and Ivermectin in Sheep.

Gastrointestinal parasite infections represent a major welfare problem in small ruminants reared in extensive systems, which may be exacerbated by anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, we aimed to study the efficacy of albendazole and ivermectin in sheep. Eighty-six animals were selected from commercial farms in the temperate area of the State of Mexico at the age of seven months.

Excreted and secreted products (72/60 kDa) from Haemonchus placei larvae induce in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and activate the expression of cytokines and FCεR1A receptor.

The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of cytokines and FCεR1A receptor stimulated by Haemonchus placei larval excretory and secretory (ES) products associated with the pathogenesis in calves. Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in in vitro assays with H. placei L ES product at 8, 12, 16 and 24 h.

The nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans reduces the gastrointestinal parasitic nematode larvae population in faeces of orally treated calves maintained under tropical conditions-Dose/response assessment.

This research assessed the dose/response to Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores (Df-C) administered to calves naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), and its effect in reducing the infective larvae (L) population in faeces in a farm in the Mexican tropics. Forty zebu calves, between 6 and 12 months of age, were randomly distributed into four groups of 10 calves. One control and three groups treated with different oral doses of Df-C based on their body weight (BW) were established as follows: group 1 (control); group 2, 0.