Septic Shock Requiring Three Vasopressors: Patient Demographics and Outcomes.

Objectives: Septic shock is a common condition necessitating timely management including hemodynamic support with vasopressors. Despite the high prevalence and mortality, there is limited data characterizing patients who require three or more vasopressors. We sought to define the demographics, outcomes, and prognostic determinants associated with septic shock requiring three or more vasopressors.

The TRIPOD-LLM Statement: A Targeted Guideline For Reporting Large Language Models Use.

Unlabelled: Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in healthcare, necessitating standardized reporting guidelines. We present TRIPOD-LLM, an extension of the TRIPOD+AI statement, addressing the unique challenges of LLMs in biomedical applications. TRIPOD-LLM provides a comprehensive checklist of 19 main items and 50 subitems, covering key aspects from title to discussion.

BRSET: A Brazilian Multilabel Ophthalmological Dataset of Retina Fundus Photos.

Introduction: The Brazilian Multilabel Ophthalmological Dataset (BRSET) addresses the scarcity of publicly available ophthalmological datasets in Latin America. BRSET comprises 16,266 color fundus retinal photos from 8,524 Brazilian patients, aiming to enhance data representativeness, serving as a research and teaching tool. It contains sociodemographic information, enabling investigations into differential model performance across demographic groups.

Which surrogate insulin resistance indices best predict coronary artery disease? A machine learning approach.

Background: Various surrogate markers of insulin resistance have been developed, capable of predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) without the need to detect serum insulin. For accurate prediction, they depend only on glucose and lipid profiles, as well as anthropometric features. However, there is still no agreement on the most suitable one for predicting CAD.

A multimodal framework for extraction and fusion of satellite images and public health data.

In low- and middle-income countries, the substantial costs associated with traditional data collection pose an obstacle to facilitating decision-making in the field of public health. Satellite imagery offers a potential solution, but the image extraction and analysis can be costly and requires specialized expertise. We introduce SatelliteBench, a scalable framework for satellite image extraction and vector embeddings generation.

Critical appraisal of machine learning prognostic models for acute pancreatitis: protocol for a systematic review.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory disorder that is common, costly, and is increasing in incidence worldwide with over 300,000 hospitalizations occurring yearly in the United States alone. As its course and outcomes vary widely, a critical knowledge gap in the field has been a lack of accurate prognostic tools to forecast AP patients' outcomes. Despite several published studies in the last three decades, the predictive performance of published prognostic models has been found to be suboptimal.

BRSET: A Brazilian Multilabel Ophthalmological Dataset of Retina Fundus Photos.

Introduction: The Brazilian Multilabel Ophthalmological Dataset (BRSET) addresses the scarcity of publicly available ophthalmological datasets in Latin America. BRSET comprises 16,266 color fundus retinal photos from 8,524 Brazilian patients, aiming to enhance data representativeness, serving as a research and teaching tool. It contains sociodemographic information, enabling investigations into differential model performance across demographic groups.

Ophthalmology Optical Coherence Tomography Databases for Artificial Intelligence Algorithm: A Review.

Background: Imaging plays a pivotal role in eye assessment. With the introduction of advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), the focus has shifted to imaging datasets in ophthalmology. While disparities and health inequalities hidden within data are well-documented, the ophthalmology field faces specific challenges to the creation and maintenance of datasets.

A scoping review of the landscape of health-related open datasets in Latin America.

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have the potential to revolutionize healthcare, but their successful translation into clinical practice has been limited. One crucial factor is the data used to train these algorithms, which must be representative of the population. However, most healthcare databases are derived from high-income countries, leading to non-representative models and potentially exacerbating health inequities.

Breast cancer metastasizing to the upper gastrointestinal tract (the esophagus and the stomach): A comprehensive review of the literature.

Breast cancer can infrequently metastasize to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract but the exact incidence is not well established-there is considerable variation between incidence reported from clinical studies and incidence noted in autopsy series. Clinical presentation can be very non-specific and often mimics primary gastrointestinal conditions. Endoscopy alone may not be sufficient to make a diagnosis and misdiagnosis is also common.

Multidimensional Machine Learning Model to Calculate a COVID-19 Vulnerability Index.

In Colombia, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed on 6 March 2020. On 13 March 2023, Colombia registered 6,360,780 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19, representing 12.18% of the total population.

Risk Factors for COVID-19: A Systematic Mapping Study.

Introduction: COVID-19 has affected people in several countries around the world. They experience respiratory symptoms that can be mild, moderate, or severe. Several reviews that characterize the risk factors of COVID-19 have been performed, but most address only risk factors associated with medical conditions, ignoring environmental and sociodemographic-socioeconomic factors.

Multi-Dimensional Dataset of Open Data and Satellite Images for Characterization of Food Security and Nutrition.

Background: Nutrition is one of the main factors affecting the development and quality of life of a person. From a public health perspective, food security is an essential social determinant for promoting healthy nutrition. Food security embraces four dimensions: physical availability of food, economic and physical access to food, food utilization, and the sustainability of the dimensions above.

Improving Diagnostic Yield in Indeterminate Biliary Strictures.

Indeterminate biliary strictures are defined as a narrowing of the bile duct that cannot be differentiated as malignant or benign after performing cross-sectional imaging and an ERCP. Identifying the etiology of a bile duct stricture is the single most important step in determining whether a complex and potentially morbid surgical resection is warranted. Due to this diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, new technologies, laboratory tests, and procedures are emerging to solve this problem.

Comprehensive Decision Support for Prehospital Combat Casualty Care: The Airway Clearance Model.

Airway management is a foremost priority for combat medics treating battlefield casualties, as a compromised airway is the second leading cause of potentially survivable death on the battlefield, accounting for 1 in 10 preventable combat deaths. Effective suction is a critical component of airway clearance. However, currently available commercial devices are too heavy and bulky for combat medics to carry, and/or lack sufficient power to be useful.

Innovative Solution for Airway Securement in Combat and Trauma Scenarios.

Airway management is one of the most challenging problems in prehospital combat casualty care. Airway assessment and intervention are second only to hemorrhage control in priority in the initial treatment of trauma patients, and airway compromise continues to account for approximately 1 in 10 preventable battlefield deaths. Combat medics often provide care in no- or low-light conditions, surrounded by the chaos of combat, and with the limited dexterity that accompanies bulky body armor, gloves, and heavy equipment.

Novel expandable architected breathing tube for improving airway securement in emergency care.

Life-saving interventions utilize endotracheal intubation to secure a patient's airway, but performance of the clinical standard of care endotracheal tube (ETT) is inadequate. For instance, in the current COVID-19 crisis, patients can expect prolonged intubation. This protracted intubation may produce health complications such as tracheal stenosis, pneumonia, and necrosis of tracheal tissue, as current ETTs are not designed for extended use.

Umbilical Reconstruction Techniques: A Literature Review.

Background: There are many instances in which sacrificing the umbilicus is unavoidable. Umbilical reconstruction (umbiliconeoplasty) is an important surgical procedure to complete the abdomen's reconstruction and to give again a pleasant cosmetic appearance.

Objectives: To provide a complete overview of all surgical techniques for umbiliconeoplasty described in the literature.

Toughening mechanisms of the elytra of the diabolical ironclad beetle.

Joining dissimilar materials such as plastics and metals in engineered structures remains a challenge. Mechanical fastening, conventional welding and adhesive bonding are examples of techniques currently used for this purpose, but each of these methods presents its own set of problems such as formation of stress concentrators or degradation under environmental exposure, reducing strength and causing premature failure. In the biological tissues of numerous animal and plant species, efficient strategies have evolved to synthesize, construct and integrate composites that have exceptional mechanical properties.

An optogenetic switch for the Set2 methyltransferase provides evidence for transcription-dependent and -independent dynamics of H3K36 methylation.

Histone H3 lysine 36 methylation (H3K36me) is a conserved histone modification associated with transcription and DNA repair. Although the effects of H3K36 methylation have been studied, the genome-wide dynamics of H3K36me deposition and removal are not known. We established rapid and reversible optogenetic control for Set2, the sole H3K36 methyltransferase in yeast, by fusing the enzyme with the light-activated nuclear shuttle (LANS) domain.

Oil injection for cosmetic enhancement of the upper extremities: a case report and review of literature.

Here the authors report a case of complications occured after injection of a site enhancement oil in the upper extremity for cosmetic muscles' volume enhancement and a literature review on the topic. The medical and sports communities should be aware of the secondary effects of site enhancement oils use, which could bring to severe complications.

Radular stylus of Cryptochiton stelleri: A multifunctional lightweight and flexible fiber-reinforced composite.

Chitons are herbivorous invertebrates that use rows of ultrahard magnetite-based teeth connected to a flexible belt (radula) to rasp away algal deposits growing on and within rocky outcrops along coastlines around the world. Each tooth is attached to the radula by an organic structure (stylus) that provides mechanical support during feeding. However, the underlying structures within the stylus, and their subsequent function within the chiton have yet to be investigated.

Disparities in Access to Autologous Breast Reconstruction.

This study aimed to determine if age, race, region, insurance, and comorbidities affect the type of breast reconstruction that patients receive. This analysis used the Florida Inpatient Discharge Dataset from 1 January 2013 to 30 September 2017, which contains deidentified patient-level administrative data from all acute care hospitals in the state of Florida. We included female patients, diagnosed with breast cancer, who underwent mastectomy and a subsequent breast reconstruction.