Genomic characterization of novel viruses associated with Olea europaea L. in South Africa.

South Africa has a small but growing olive industry. Until now, no virological research has been carried out on this crop locally. Seventeen samples were collected from various olive cultivars from a single producer in the Stellenbosch growing area of South Africa.

Single-cell analysis of chromatin and expression reveals age- and sex-associated alterations in the human heart.

Sex differences and age-related changes in the human heart at the tissue, cell, and molecular level have been well-documented and many may be relevant for cardiovascular disease. However, how molecular programs within individual cell types vary across individuals by age and sex remains poorly characterized. To better understand this variation, we performed single-nucleus combinatorial indexing (sci) ATAC- and RNA-Seq in human heart samples from nine donors.

Association between acute pre-injury alcohol use and 12-month health outcomes for survivors of major trauma: A registry-based study.

Introduction: Alcohol is commonly detected in patients presenting to hospital after major trauma and is a key preventable risk factor for injury. While it has been suggested that alcohol intoxication at the time of injury results in worse acute patient outcomes, there is currently limited knowledge on the impact of alcohol on health outcomes following hospital discharge. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between acute pre-injury alcohol exposure and the self-reported health outcomes of survivors of major trauma 12-months post-injury.

Pulmonary osteoclast-like cells in silica induced pulmonary fibrosis.

The pathophysiology of silicosis is poorly understood, limiting development of therapies for those who have been exposed to the respirable particle. We explored mechanisms of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in human lung samples collected from patients with occupational exposure to silica and in a longitudinal mouse model of silicosis using multiple modalities including whole-lung single-cell RNA sequencing and histological, biochemical, and physiologic assessments. In addition to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, intratracheal silica challenge induced osteoclast-like differentiation of alveolar macrophages and recruited monocytes, driven by induction of the osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL) in pulmonary lymphocytes, and alveolar type II cells.

Defining futile and potentially avoidable interhospital trauma transfers.

Purpose: Interhospital transfer of critically injured patients to a major trauma service reduces preventable death in major trauma. Yet some of those transferred die without intervention. These 'futile' interhospital trauma transfers (IHTs), and other potentially avoidable IHTs place enormous stress on families of trauma victims, can delay care, and incur great cost to public health resources.

Photosynthate transfer from an autotrophic orchid to conspecific heterotrophic protocorms through a common mycorrhizal network.

The minute 'dust seeds' of some terrestrial orchids preferentially germinate and develop as mycoheterotrophic protocorms near conspecific adult plants. Here we test the hypothesis that mycorrhizal mycelial connections provide a direct pathway for transfer of recent photosynthate from conspecific green orchids to achlorophyllous protocorms. Mycelial networks of Ceratobasidium cornigerum connecting green Dactylorhiza fuchsii plants with developing achlorophyllous protocorms of the same species were established on oatmeal or water agar before the shoots of green plants were exposed to CO.

Skating into the Unknown: Scoping the Physical, Technical, and Tactical Demands of Competitive Skateboarding.

Background: The inclusion of skateboarding in the Olympics suggests that athletes and coaches are seeking ways to enhance their chances of succeeding on the world stage. Understanding what constitutes performance, and what physical, neuromuscular, and biomechanical capacities underlie it, is likely critical to success.

Objective: The aim was to overview the current literature and identify knowledge gaps related to competitive skateboarding performance and associated physical, technical, and tactical demands of Olympic skateboarding disciplines.

Correction: Hough et al. Fungal Viruses Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Mycoviruses. 2023, , 1202.

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'No zone' approach in the management of penetrating neck injuries - an Australian Tertiary Trauma Centre experience.

Purpose: Penetrating neck injuries (PNIs), defined as deep to the platysma, can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Management has evolved from a zone-based approach to a 'no zone' algorithm, resulting in reduced non-therapeutic neck exploration rates. The aim of this study was to examine PNIs and its management trends in an Australian tertiary trauma centre, to determine if a 'no zone' approach could be safely implemented in this population, as has been demonstrated internationally.

The impact of stapled compared to handsewn repair on anastomotic outcomes in trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Approach to enteric anastomotic technique has been a subject of debate, with no clear consensus as to whether handsewn or stapled techniques are superior in trauma settings, which are influenced by unique perturbances to important processes such as immune function, coagulation, wound healing and response to infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the risk of anastomotic complications in trauma patients with gastrointestinal injury requiring restoration of continuity with handsewn versus staples approaches.

Methods: A comprehensive computer assisted search of electronic databases Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central was performed.

Paradigms in trauma laparoscopy for anterior abdominal stab wounds: A scoping review.

Introduction: Anterior abdominal stab wounds (AASW) are a heterogeneous presentation with evolving management over time and heterogenous practice between centres. The aim of this scoping review was to identify, characterise and classify paradigms for trauma laparoscopies for AASW.

Methodology: Studies were screened from Embase, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from 1 January 1947 until 1 January 2023.

Management of acute perianal abscess: is surgeon specialization associated with improved outcomes?

Background: Acute surgical units (ASU) are increasingly being adopted and in our system are staffed by colorectal and non-colorectal general surgeons. This study aims to evaluate whether surgeon specialization was associated with improved outcomes in perianal abscess.

Methods: Patients with perianal abscess admitted to the ASU between 2016 and 2020 were identified from a prospective database and their medical records reviewed.

The impact of electric scooters in Melbourne: data from a major trauma service.

Background: The proliferation of electric scooters globally has been associated with an increase in related injuries and consequent economic burden. This study aims to assess the injury patterns and the economic impact associated with electric scooter use in Melbourne, Australia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using hospital and registry data from January 2022 to January 2023.

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and related outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury and prolonged intensive care unit stay.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay are at risk of secondary intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We aimed to study VTE prophylaxis, secondary ICH, and VTE prevalence and outcomes in this population. Retrospective observational study.

Biases in the collection of blood alcohol data for adult major trauma patients in Victoria, Australia.

Background: In-hospital alcohol testing provides an opportunity to implement prevention strategies for patients with high risk of experiencing repeated alcohol-related injuries. However, barriers to alcohol testing in emergency settings can prevent patients from being tested. In this study, we aimed to understand potential biases in current data on the completion of blood alcohol tests for major trauma patients at hospitals in Victoria, Australia.

Metaviromic Characterization of Betaflexivirus Populations Associated with a cultivar Collection in South Africa.

South Africa is associated with a centuries-old viticultural industry, accompanied by a diverse range of wine and table grape cultivars and an extensive history of pervasive introductions of vine material and associated viruses. The D2 collection in Stellenbosch represents the most comprehensive collection of species, hybrids, and cultivars in South Africa. We collected leaf petiole material from 229 accessions from this collection.

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation and functional outcomes in multitrauma patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a nutrition supplement that may attenuate muscle wasting from critical illness. This trial aimed to determine feasibility of administering a blinded nutrition supplement in the intensive care unit (ICU) and continuing it after ICU discharge.

Methods: Single-center, parallel-group, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized feasibility trial.

Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction Following Spinal Fixation for Trauma.

Background: Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) is a potentially highly morbid surgical complication. The incidence of ACPO following spinal trauma is unknown, but is likely higher than after elective spinal fusion. The purpose of this study was to establish the incidence of ACPO in patients with major trauma undergoing spinal fusion for unstable thoracic and lumbar fracture, and secondly, to characterize the nature of ACPO in this group, including treatment and complications.

Definitive management of near-hanging at major versus non-major trauma centres.

Objectives: The Victorian State Trauma System recommends that all major trauma patients receive definitive care at a major trauma service (MTS). The aim of the present study was to assess the outcomes of patients with major trauma after near-hangings who received definitive management at an MTS compared to a non-MTS.

Methods: This was a registry-based cohort study of all adult (age ≥16 years) patients with near-hanging included in the Victorian State Trauma Registry from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2019.

Fungal Viruses Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Mycoviruses.

Mycoviruses (viruses of fungi) are ubiquitous throughout the fungal kingdom and are currently classified into 23 viral families and the genus by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The primary focus of mycoviral research has been on mycoviruses that infect plant pathogenic fungi, due to the ability of some to reduce the virulence of their host and thus act as potential biocontrol against these fungi. However, mycoviruses lack extracellular transmission mechanisms and rely on intercellular transmission through the hyphal anastomosis, which impedes successful transmission between different fungal strains.