Rapid Response EEG: Current State and Future Directions.

Purpose Of Review: To critically appraise the literature on the application, methods, and advances in emergency electroencephalography (EEG).

Recent Findings: The development of rapid EEG (rEEG) technologies and other reduced montage approaches, along with advances in machine learning over the past decade, has increased the rate and access to EEG acquisition. These achievements have made EEG in the emergency setting a practical diagnostic technique for detecting seizures, suspected nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), altered mental status, stroke, and in the setting of sedation.

Evaluating Cancer Pain Characteristics and Treatment Factors in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

To identify patient characteristics and treatment factors of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with cancer-related pain that may affect patient outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate adult patients with active cancer, who presented to the ED with a chief complaint of pain between June first, 2012 and January first, 2016. We utilized multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association of several exposure variables, including disease and demographic characteristics, primary pain site, and treatment methods, on ED disposition and revisit rate.

Patients Who Leave the Emergency Department Without Being Seen and Their Follow-Up Behavior: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis.

Background: Past studies suggest that patients who leave without being seen (LWBS) by a physician from a hospital's emergency department (ED) represent a quality and safety concern, and thus LWBS rates have often been used as an ED performance metric. There are few recent studies, however, that have examined the characteristics of the LWBS population at hospitals in the United States.

Objective: This study describes the LWBS population at a multi-hospital academic health system.

Systematic Review: Rectal Administration of Medications for Pediatric Procedural Sedation.

Background: Per rectum (PR) medication delivery is an alternative to traditional oral (PO), intravenous (IV), or intramuscular (IM) administration of medication for procedural sedation of pediatric emergency department patients. However, many emergency physicians are unfamiliar with its use, and there are no widely adopted guidelines or reviews dedicated to this topic.

Objective: Our aim was to provide emergency physicians with an overview of PR procedural sedation medications in pediatric patients.

Synergy of Histone-Deacetylase Inhibitor AR-42 with Cisplatin in Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: Cisplatin based chemotherapy regimens form the basis of systemic bladder cancer treatment, although they show limited response rates and efficacy. Recent molecular analysis of bladder cancer revealed a high incidence of mutations in chromatin regulatory genes, suggesting a therapeutic avenue for histone deacetylase inhibitors. We investigated the ability of the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor AR-42 to synergize with cisplatin in preclinical models of bladder cancer.

Stromal modulation of bladder cancer-initiating cells in a subcutaneous tumor model.

The development of new cancer therapeutics would benefit from incorporating efficient tumor models that mimic human disease. We have developed a subcutaneous bladder tumor regeneration system that recapitulates primary human bladder tumor architecture by recombining benign human fetal bladder stromal cells with SW780 bladder carcinoma cells. As a first step, SW780 cells were seeded in ultra low attachment cultures in order to select for sphere-forming cells, the putative cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype.