Seasonality updated in 28 European/Mediterranean countries: A continuing enigma.

Objectives: This report updates birth seasonality for 28 European/Mediterranean countries and evaluates the possible influence of atmospheric clarity/quality on seasonality.

Methods: Birth data between 1970 and 2011 were adjusted for seasonality and are presented as conceptions.

Results: Presently, 27 of 28 countries have peak conceptions during the last 3 months of the year, a greater concentration than was previously recognized.

Complications of local anesthesia used in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Local anesthetics are used routinely in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Local anesthetics are safe and effective drugs but do have risks that practitioners need to be aware of. This article reviews the complications of local anesthesia.

Seasonal sunshine and vitamin D: a possible explanation for differences in European and United States birth patterns.

This study tests whether seasonal differences in the United States and European sunshine is associated with human birth patterns. Birth data are adjusted for 31-day months, leap years, and an annual percentage. Clear observations and birth indices are correlated for European and U.

Human birth seasonality and sunshine.

The environmental light intensity/photoperiod (ELI/PP) hypothesis proposes that the seasonality of human births is primarily associated with seasonal changes in ambient atmospheric luminosity or ELI. This study tests for the presence of increased ELI during the 1 or 2-month period preceding the conceptual month. Monthly birth data for Helsinki, Finland; Kiev, Ukraine; Hanoi, Vietnam; Matlab, Bangladesh; Nashville, Tennessee; Los Angeles, California; Dallas, Texas; Denver, Colorado and Pretoria, South Africa, are correlated (Pearsonian r) to corresponding monthly meteorological data.

Additional confirmation for the effect of environmental light intensity on the seasonality of human conceptions.

Causality for the seasonality of human births, which affects populations wordwide, has been a profound mystery for nearly two centuries. Most explanations for seasonality fail because of inconsistent global application. In two previous studies, Cummings (2002, 2003) hypothesized that human reproduction has been responsive to changes in both seasonal environmental light intensity (surface luminosity) and photoperiod.

The influence of latitude and cloud cover on the seasonality of human births.

Background: A previous study (Cummings, 2002), hypothesized that human birth seasonality was primarily related to environmental light intensity/photoperiod.

Purpose: There are two primary goals: to explain seasonality differences between U.S.