Developing standard operating procedures for gene drive research in disease vector mosquitoes.

Numerous arthropod species represent potential targets for gene-drive-based population suppression or replacement, including those that transmit diseases, damage crops, or act as deleterious invasive species. Containment measures for gene drive research in arthropods have been discussed in the literature, but the importance of developing safe and effective standard operating procedures (SOPs) for these types of experiments has not been adequately addressed. Concisely written SOPs link safe work practices, containment measures, institutional training, and research-specific protocols.

nanos-Driven expression of piggyBac transposase induces mobilization of a synthetic autonomous transposon in the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi.

Transposons are a class of selfish DNA elements that can mobilize within a genome. If mobilization is accompanied by an increase in copy number (replicative transposition), the transposon may sweep through a population until it is fixed in all of its interbreeding members. This introgression has been proposed as the basis for drive systems to move genes with desirable phenotypes into target species.

Maternal germline-specific genes in the Asian malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi: characterization and application for disease control.

Anopheles stephensi is a principal vector of urban malaria on the Indian subcontinent and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito biology. To enhance our understanding of female mosquito reproduction, and to develop new tools for basic research and for genetic strategies to control mosquito-borne infectious diseases, we identified 79 genes that displayed previtellogenic germline-specific expression based on RNA-Seq data generated from 11 life stage-specific and sex-specific samples. Analysis of this gene set provided insights into the biology and evolution of female reproduction.

Mutant Mos1 mariner transposons are hyperactive in Aedes aegypti.

The development of genetic strategies to control the spread of mosquito-borne diseases through the use of class II transposons has been hampered by suboptimal rates of transformation and the absence of post-integration mobility for all transposons evaluated to date. Two Mos1 mariner transposase mutants were produced by the site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids, E137 and E264, to K and R, respectively. The effects of these mutations on the transpositional activities of Mos1-derived transposon constructs were evaluated by interplasmid transposition assays in Escherichia coli and Aedes aegypti.