p.L1795F LRRK2 variant is a common cause of Parkinson's disease in Central Europe.

Pathogenic variants in are one of the most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, the lesser-known p.L1795F variant was proposed as a strong genetic risk factor for PD, however, further families are currently lacking in literature.

White matter hyperintensities associated with impulse control disorders in Parkinson's Disease.

Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasingly recognized as clinically significant non-motor features that potentially impair the quality of life. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs), detected by magnetic resonance imaging, are frequently observed in PD and can be associated with both motor- and certain non-motor symptoms. Given the limited number of non-motor features studied in this context, our aim was to reveal the potential association between the severity of WMHs and ICDs in PD.

Potential clinical and economic benefits of remote deep brain stimulation programming.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) teleprogramming may help reducing travel-related and other financial burdens for patients and maintaining DBS care in special situations. To determine travel-related burdens of DBS patients and explore effects of COVID-19 on DBS care. Travel- and visit-related data of 319 patients were retrospectively analyzed for the first year, five years, and ten years after initiating DBS.

Dystonia management across Europe within ERN-RND: current state and future challenges.

Background: Since the first European-wide evaluation of dystonia management in 2016, several efforts have been made to improve dystonia-care. One of these was the development of the Dystonia Disease Group as a part of the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND) that implemented several initiatives based on the recommendations made in 2016.

Aim: To evaluate the current state of dystonia management across Europe.

[Telecare in Parkinson's disease: A nationwide survey among Hungarian neurologists].

Background And Purpose: COVID-19 has made providing in-person care difficult. In most countries, including Hungary, telemedicine has partly served as a resolution for this issue. Our purpose was to explore the effects of COVID-19 on neurological care, the knowledge of neurology specialists on telemedicine, and the present state of telecare in Hungary, with a special focus on Parkinson's disease (PD).

Antiparkinsonian Drug Reduction After Directional Versus Omnidirectional Bilateral Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation.

Background: Several pilot trials and the Clinical Evaluation of the Infinity Deep Brain Stimulation System (PROGRESS) study have found that directional stimulation can provide a wider therapeutic window and lower therapeutic current strength than omnidirectional stimulation.

Objective: We conducted a single-center, open-label, registry-based, comparative trial to test the hypothesis that directional stimulation can be associated with a greater reduction in the total daily dose of antiparkinsonian medications (ApMeds) than omnidirectional stimulation.

Materials And Methods: A total of 52 patients with directional and 57 subjects with omnidirectional bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) were enrolled.

The effects of CRF and the urocortins on the hippocampal acetylcholine release in rats.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the urocortins (Ucn1, Ucn2 and Ucn3) are structurally related neuropeptides which act via two distinct CRF receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, with putatively antagonistic effects in the brain. CRF and Ucn1 activate both CRF1 and CRF2, while Ucn2 and Ucn3 activate selectively CRF2. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of CRF, Ucn1, Ucn2 and Ucn3 on the hippocampal acetylcholine release through which they may modulate cognitive functions, including attention, learning and memory.

Trimetazidine Use in Parkinson's Disease: Is It a Resolved Problem?

Trimetazidine (TMZ), an antianginal drug, can worsen the symptoms of movement disorders, therefore, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended avoiding the use of this drug in Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated the impact of this recommendation on the observed trend of TMZ use in PD in Hungary from 2010 to 2016 by conducting a nationwide, retrospective study of health administrative data of human subjects. Interrupted time series analyses were performed to explore changes in user trends after the EMA recommendations.

Fast 3 T nigral hyperintensity magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease.

The absence of nigral hyperintensity is a promising MR marker for Parkinson's disease (PD), but its small size imposes limitations on its routine use. Our aim was to compare Multi Echo Data Image Combination (MEDIC), segmented echo-planar imaging (EPISEG) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, as well as both magnitude (MAG) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) reconstructions of single-echo gradient echo for nigral hyperintensity imaging. Twenty-five healthy and twenty PD subjects were included.

Complications of Ileal Conduits after Radical Cystectomy: Interventional Radiologic Management.

Since their introduction into clinical practice in the 1950s, ileal conduits have been the most common type of urinary diversion used after radical cystectomy worldwide. Although ileal conduits are technically simpler to construct than other forms of urinary diversion, a variety of complications can occur in the early and late postoperative periods. Early complications include urine leakage, urinary obstruction, postoperative fluid collection (eg, urinoma, hematoma, lymphocele, or abscess), and fistula formation.

The Impact of Trimetazidine on Disease Severity and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease.

Trimetazidine is contraindicated in movement disorders, however, a not negligible part of trimetazidine users is still patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to objectively determine the impact of trimetazidine on the severity of symptoms and the health-related quality of life of patients with PD by measuring changes after its withdrawal. A consecutive series of 42 patients with PD using trimetazidine underwent detailed neurological and neuropsychological assessments at baseline and three months after the discontinuation of trimetazidine.

Minimal Clinically Important Differences for Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.

Background: Although an increasing number of trials are reported on the treatment of generalized or segmental isolated dystonia, the minimal clinically important difference thresholds for the most frequently reported outcome measures are still undetermined.

Objectives: To estimate the minimal clinically important difference for the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey in generalized or segmental dystonia.

Methods: A total of 898 paired examinations of 198 consecutive patients, aged >18 years, with idiopathic and inherited (torsin family 1 member A positive) segmental and generalized isolated dystonia were analyzed.

Which Scale Best Detects Treatment Response of Tremor in Parkinsonism?

Background: Several scales are available for rating the severity of tremor at present. However, the sensitivity to change of these instruments has remained to be clarified.

Objective: To compare the sensitivity of the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale, the Part III of the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and the MDS-UPDRS Tremor Scale to the effects of various antitremor treatments.

The Parkinson's Disease Composite Scale Is Adequately Responsive to Acute Levodopa Challenge.

Background: The Parkinson's Disease Composite Scale (PDCS) is a recently developed easy-to-use tool enabling a timely but comprehensive assessment of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related symptoms. Although the PDCS has been extensively validated, its responsiveness to acute levodopa challenge has not been demonstrated yet.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between changes in the motor examination part of the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and the PDCS motor scores during acute levodopa challenge and calculate a cutoff range on the PDCS indicating clinically relevant improvement.

Screening for Problematic Internet Use May Help Identify Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) represent emerging problems with potentially devastating consequences. The standard screening methods for impulse control disorders are clinically imperfect. Although it is rarely reported, many patients utilize the Internet to fulfill their compulsive behaviors because of its easy accessibility.

[Selection of the optimal device-aided therapy in Parkinson's disease].

For the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease the deep brain stimulation (DBS) and the levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) therapies are available in Hungary. Although they may have similar impact on the health-related quality of life and disabilities associated with the disease, they have different indications, and inclusion- and exclusion criteria. Consequently, the patient population treated with DBS and LCIG may be different.

Changes in striatal dopamine release and locomotor activity following acute withdrawal from chronic nicotine are mediated by CRF1, but not CRF2, receptors.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the participation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors (CRF1 and CRF2) in the alterations of the dorsal and ventral striatal dopamine release and the vertical and horizontal locomotor activity observed in rats following chronic nicotine treatment and consequent acute withdrawal. In this purpose, male Wistar rats were exposed to repeated intraperitoneal (ip) injection with nicotine or saline solution for 7 days. On the 8th day or the 9th day the rats were injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) with selective CRF1 antagonist antalarmin or selective CRF2 antagonist astressin or saline solution.

Trimetazidine and parkinsonism: A prospective study.

Background: Although trimetazidine may induce parkinsonian symptoms in some patients, no systematic characterization has been reported on parkinsonism occurring during trimetazidine treatment since the first case reports.

Objective: To systematically investigate parkinsonism occurring during trimetazidine use.

Methods: Thirty-three consecutive patients on trimetazidine treatment with previously unrecognized parkinsonian symptoms were enrolled.

Minimal clinically important difference for the historic parts of the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale.

Background: Motor complications represent an important clinical problem in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The Motor Complications Part of the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Part IV) and the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) are among the most reliable instruments to evaluate these problems. The minimal clinically important difference thresholds are the smallest changes in the outcome measures that are clinically meaningful.

Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like actions of Urocortin 2 and its fragments in mice.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like actions of Urocortin 2 (Ucn2) and its two fragments, Ucn2 (1-21) and Ucn2 (22-38), in mice, in an attempt to identify the biologically active sequence of this 38 amino acid neuropeptide. In this purpose, male C57BL/6 mice were treated intracerebroventricularly (icv) with 0.125, 0.

A randomized crossover study of the effects of lidocaine on motor- and sensory-evoked potentials during spinal surgery.

Background Context: Lidocaine has emerged as a useful adjuvant anesthetic agent for cases requiring intraoperative monitoring of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs). A previous retrospective study suggested that lidocaine could be used as a component of propofol-based intravenous anesthesia without adversely affecting MEP or SSEP monitoring, but did not address the effect of the addition of lidocaine on the MEP and SSEP signals of individual patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the intrapatient effects of the addition of lidocaine to balanced anesthesia on MEPs and SSEPs during multilevel posterior spinal fusion.