The effect of the absence of an accompanying person at birth on the basic perinatal outcomes - a randomized study during the lockdown in the COVID epidemic.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of an accompanying person on the basic parameters of perinatal outcome [e.g. length of stages of labour, proportion of Caesarean sections (CS), vaginal surgical delivery, perineal injury, Abgar score, epidural analgesia] were analysed.

Selective Extirpation of Tattooed Lymph Node in Combination with Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in the Management of Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients after Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy.

Introduction: Axillary dissection has little diagnostic and therapeutic benefit in node-positive breast cancer patients in whom axillary disease has been completely eradicated after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (ypN0). We sought to assess the efficacy of an algorithm used for the identification of the ypN0 patient consisting of intraoperative evaluation of sentinel and tattooed (initially positive) lymph nodes.

Methods: Included were T1 and T2 breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes marked with carbon who were referred for neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by a surgery.

Axillary reverse mapping in breast cancer surgery - functional study.

The aim of the study was to map the lymphatic drainage of the upper extremity that traverses the axilla and elucidate its relationship with the lymphatic drainage of the breast. In 79 breast cancer patients indicated to the axillary lymph node dissection for category cN1, cN2, Technetium-99m (particle size <80 nm) was applied prior to surgery at two injection sites between the second and third metacarpophalangeal joints to visualize upper extremity lymphatics. During the surgery, the axilla was anatomically divided into 6 quadrants.

Is It Possible to Personalize the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer during Pregnancy?

The main goal of precision medicine in patients with breast cancer is to tailor the treatment according to the particular genetic makeup and the genetic changes in the cancer cells. Breast cancer occurring during pregnancy (BCP) is a complex and difficult clinical problem. Although it is not very common, both maternal and fetal outcome must be always considered when planning treatment.

Pregnancy and Ovarian Stimulation in the Patients with Breast Cancer.

Background: Total 19% of patients diagnosed with breast cancer are younger than 50 years. Many of these patients will have postponed pregnancy into later life and many clinicians, who take care of these patients with mutations in tumor-suppressor genes, such as BRCA2, BRCA1, CHEK2, and others, recommend that it is better not to have a child than take the risk of developing a relapse. However, this recommendation can significantly reduce quality of life.

Multiplex PCR and NGS-based identification of mRNA splicing variants: Analysis of BRCA1 splicing pattern as a model.

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing increases transcriptome plasticity by forming naturally-occurring alternative splicing variants (ASVs). Alterations of splicing processes, caused by DNA mutations, result in aberrant splicing and the formation of aberrant mRNA isoforms. Analyses of hereditary cancer predisposition genes reveal many DNA variants with unknown clinical significance (VUS) that potentially affect pre-mRNA splicing.

Is the small size of a breast cancer tumor the crucial point for successful medical treatment?

The presented case displays a clinical study of a cancer phenotype with a poor clinical outcome. Prediction of cancer development and effects of treatment at the beginning of the clinical stage is difficult as the knowledge of cancer process and all necessary parameters of the host body are limited. Cancer is mainly studied on the basis of biochemical-genetic processes and their morphological manifestation.

Ultrasound-guided cryoablation of breast fibroadenoma: a pilot trial.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate cryoablation (CA) under ultrasound guidance in the office setting with liquid nitrogen system for patients with fibroadenoma (FA).

Methods: For this prospective multicenter trial, an office-based cryosurgical system was used to treat histological confirmed benign FA with a maximum dimension of 3 cm. Sixty CA procedures were performed under ultrasound guidance.

Relationship between the lymphatic drainage of the breast and the upper extremity: a postmortem study.

Background: This anatomic study details the lymphatic drainage of the upper extremity (UE) and breast, as well as its course in the axilla and its relation to axillary reverse mapping. Two aspects important for breast cancer surgery were followed: connection between the lymphatics of the UE and breast, and the possible cause of lymphedema of the UE after sentinel node (SN) biopsy.

Methods: Patent blue dye was injected bilaterally in 23 cadavers with no history of breast carcinoma to simultaneously visualize the lymphatics of the UE and breast.

Comparative analysis of loss of heterozygosity and expression profile in normal tissue, DCIS and invasive breast cancer.

Introduction: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered to be related to the development of invasive breast cancer. The aim of molecular biological research of preinvasive breast lesion characteristics and comparison with normal tissues and tissue of invasive tumours is to identify patients at high risk of developing invasive tumour on the basis of already established preinvasive lesions, and thus influence clinical decision-making. The aim of our study was to analyse several key molecules involved in different cellular pathways important for cancer development and progression in different types of breast tissue and to describe similarities and differences between premalignant and malignant lesions.

Abdominal radical trachelectomy in fertility-sparing treatment of early-stage cervical cancer.

Background: Abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART) is one of the fertility-sparing procedures in women with early-stage cervical cancer. In comparison with vaginal radical trachelectomy, the published results of ART are so far limited.

Methods: Enrolled were women referred for ART either by laparoscopy or laparotomy.

High-risk human papillomavirus DNA in the primary tumor, sentinel, and nonsentinel pelvic lymph nodes in patients with early-stage cervical cancer: a correlation with histopathology.

Introduction: Metastatic involvement of pelvic lymph nodes is the most important prognostic parameter in early-stage cervical cancer. Still, approximately 15% of patients with negative pelvic nodes experience recurrence, most of them in the pelvis. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in histologically negative pelvic nodes is considered a subclinical metastatic spread.

Localization of the sentinel node of the upper outer breast quadrant in the axillary quadrants.

Background: Sentinel node (SN) biopsy is associated with much less morbidity than axillary dissection. In patients with early breast cancer, lymphatic mapping and SN biopsy accurately stage the axillary nodes. Both currently available lymphatic mapping agents, radiocolloid and blue dye, have some limitations that may make perioperative or preoperative SN identification difficult.