The Influence of Acute Oral Lactate Supplementation on Responses to Cycle Ergometer Exercise: A Randomized, Crossover Pilot Clinical Trial.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential ergogenic effects of an oral lactate supplement. For this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design, fifteen recreational exercisers (nine males, six females) ingested a placebo or a commercially available lactate supplement prior to cycle ergometer exercise. Primary outcomes included peak oxygen uptake (VO; via indirect calorimetry), VO at the ventilatory threshold, and work rate at the lactate threshold (arterialized venous blood from a heated hand) determined during incremental exercise to fatigue, and power output during a 20-min cycling time trial.

Dogmalysis.

Air medical and critical care providers encounter the extremes of being both in-hospital and out-of-hospital clinicians, work in unpredictable environments, and treat patients with the most significant injury patterns and diagnoses. These demands highlight the need to recognize unique mental challenges for those who work in the air medical environment and the process by which providers make decisions. Patients who present with a high-acuity/low-volume pathology generate particularly difficult situations with abundant opportunity for both celebrations of performance and learning from mistakes.

An instrument approach to airway management.

Aviation terminology and thought processes are commonly applied to medicine. We further propose the adaptation of instrument flight terminology to emergency airway management including the aviation approach plate visual aid and replacement of the term "failed airway" with "missed airway,"