Publications by authors named "David P Sonne"

Introduction: Both liraglutide and colesevelam improve bile acid diarrhea symptoms. Colesevelam binds excess amounts of diarrhea-causing bile acids in the colon, whereas the mode of action for liraglutide remains elusive. In this article, we examined the impact of colesevelam and liraglutide treatment on the concentrations of bile acids in serum and feces and the fecal microbiota composition to better understand the 2 drugs' modes of action.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study examined gallbladder emptying and GLP-1 hormone responses in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy and postpartum to understand GDM's impact on these processes.
  • - Twenty women (15 with GDM and 15 with normal glucose tolerance) participated in mixed meal tests, revealing no differences in gallbladder emptying or GLP-1 responses between the two groups during pregnancy or after.
  • - Results showed that while gallbladder volume and emptying increased significantly during pregnancy, GLP-1 responses decreased, indicating that changes in gallbladder function may not be the main factors contributing to reduced GLP-1 levels in women with GDM.
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Introduction And Hypothesis: Despite the high prevalence of fecal incontinence, existing treatment options may be inadequate. Drugs that enhance the tone of the anal sphincter complex could potentially be an effective pharmacological approach. This study investigated the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine on anal sphincter tone in healthy women, employing anal acoustic reflectometry as the evaluating method.

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Background: In placebo-controlled clinical trials, reboxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, increases urethral pressure and relieves stress urinary incontinence symptoms in women. Considering the close connection in neural regulation of the external urethral and anal sphincters, we hypothesized that reboxetine may also enhance anal sphincter pressure. Conversely, it is believed that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may contribute to fecal incontinence by reducing anal sphincter pressure.

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Biofilm infections in chronic wounds are common and pose a significant clinical challenge. This challenge was addressed by developing the SoftOx Biofilm Eradicator (SBE) composed of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and acetic acid with strong broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. First-in-human study investigating the safety and tolerability as primary endpoints and wound size effect and antimicrobial efficacy as secondary endpoints of SBE treatment in chronic leg wound patients.

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Context: The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids depends on intestinal absorption by bile acid transporters and activation of bile acid receptors, which stimulates secretion of hormones regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and appetite. Distribution of bile acid transporters and receptors in the human gut and their potential involvement in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology remain unknown.

Objective: We explored the expression of genes involved in bile acid metabolism throughout the intestines of patients with T2D and matched healthy controls.

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Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis affect individuals of all ages and are often treated by surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy), which is considered a safe, low-risk procedure. Nevertheless, recent findings show that bile and its regulated storage and excretion may have important metabolic effects and that cholecystectomy is associated with several metabolic diseases postoperatively. Bile acids have long been known as emulsifiers essential to the assimilation of lipids and absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins, but more recently, they have also been reported to act as metabolic signaling agents.

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Objective: Colesevelam, a bile acid sequestrant approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia, improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that single-dose colesevelam increases postprandial GLP-1 secretion, thus, reducing postprandial glucose excursions in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Further, we explored the effects of single-dose colesevelam on ultrasonography-assessed postprandial gallbladder motility, paracetamol absorption (proxy for gastric emptying), and circulating factors known to affect gallbladder motility.

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Introduction And Hypothesis: Phosphodiesterase enzymes are widely distributed in female urogenital tissues. Yet, the understanding of their physiological roles and the impact of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on lower urinary tract symptoms in women remains limited. Current hypotheses are conflicting: one suggests that vasodilation might expand the periurethral vascular plexus, leading to increased urethral pressure, whereas the other proposes a relaxation of urethral musculature, resulting in decreased pressure.

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Obesity is becoming more frequent and has several negative health impacts. Recent advances in weight management strategies have primarily resided in pharmaceutical treatments, and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have shown great potential in terms of body weight reduction in addition to improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, the dual GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist tirzepatide has been developed.

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Aim: Bile acid sequestrants are cholesterol-lowering drugs, which also improve glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. The mechanism behind the glucose-lowering effect is unknown but has been proposed to be mediated by increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Here, we investigated the glucose-lowering effects of sevelamer including any contribution from GLP-1 in people with type 2 diabetes.

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Article Synopsis
  • Chylothorax is a tricky health issue that has been treated with different medicines, including octreotide, although it’s not clear if it really works.
  • In a study with healthy people, researchers tested octreotide to see how it affects lymphatic drainage and compared it to a placebo (saline).
  • They found that while octreotide helped in lab tests on human lymphatic vessels, it didn’t change much in healthy people, but it did increase pressure in the lymphatic system.
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Aim: Liraglutide treatment is associated with gallbladder-related disorders and has been shown to delay postprandial gallbladder refilling. The gut hormones cholecystokinin (CCK), fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), are known to regulate gallbladder motility and may be implicated in gallbladder-related disorders associated with liraglutide treatment.

Materials And Methods: In a double-blind, 12-week trial, 52 participants [50% male, age 47.

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Background: Bile acid diarrhoea is an underdiagnosed disease estimated to affect 1-2% of the general population. Case reports indicate that the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide might be an effective treatment for bile acid diarrhoea. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of liraglutide for the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea.

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Aims: Urethral closure function is essential for urinary continence in women and decreased urethral pressure is associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). For decades, the effects of serotonergic drugs on central neural control of urethral closure have been investigated and discussed. Epidemiological studies suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as citalopram, is associated with SUI.

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Background And Aims: Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a debilitating disease characterized by loose stools and high stool frequency. The pathophysiology of BAM is not well-understood. We investigated postprandial enterohepatic and gluco-metabolic physiology, as well as gut microbiome composition and fecal bile acid content in patients with BAM.

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Background: The gut-liver axis and enterohepatic circulation have gained increasing attention lately. Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are, in fact, human knock-out models that may assist in the understanding of bile acid synthesis and regulation. We evaluated effect of glepaglutide (a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-2 analog) on bile acid synthesis (the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and liver biochemistry in patients with SBS).

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Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is spreading globally and treatment options remain limited. A formulation of niclosamide, a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent and a broad-spectrum antiviral treatment candidate, optimized for inhalation and intranasal administration (UNI91104) was developed.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-centre, dose-ascending Phase 1 trial to assess the safety of UNI91104 in Denmark (NCT04576312).

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During the last decades, it has become clear that the gastrointestinal tract plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. More than 40 hormones originate from the gastrointestinal tract and several of these impact glucose metabolism and appetite regulation. An astonishing example of the gut's integrative role in glucose metabolism originates from investigations into bile acid biology.

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Introduction: Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a socially debilitating disease characterised by high stool frequency and urgency caused by a spillover of bile acids into the colon. Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) have limited therapeutic effect but represent the only available treatment option. Cases reporting total remission of BAM-related symptoms after treatment with liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, prompted us to design a clinical trial investigating the therapeutic effect of this compound in patients with BAM.

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Introduction: A recent study in mice points to the gut-derived hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) as an important regulator of gallbladder motility inducing gallbladder relaxation and refilling. In this study, we evaluated the effect of exogenous GLP-2 on postprandial gallbladder motility in healthy men.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we evaluated the effect of 4-hour intravenous infusions of high-dose GLP-2 (10 pmol × kg × min), low-dose GLP-2 (1 pmol × kg × min), and placebo (saline) on postprandial gallbladder motility.

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Introduction: The number of people suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications is on the rise; and, thus continues to expand the market for pharmacologic agents targeting the disease. At present, only the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have demonstrated macrovascular benefits and reduction in mortality in T2D.

Areas Covered: This review provides an overview of the more than 20 drug classes in clinical development for T2D, with an outline of their mode of action, efficacy, safety, and current status.

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Aims: In two open-label trials, imipramine alleviated symptoms in patients with stress urinary incontinence and is therefore used off-label for this indication. However, it has never been confirmed that imipramine increases urethral pressure in a placebo-controlled setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether imipramine increases the opening urethral pressure compared to placebo in healthy women using urethral pressure reflectometry.

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