A comparison of the potential for acute cardiopulmonary adverse effects in dogs during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration with accusol 35 solution with and without induced calcium carbonate particles.

Background: Baxter received reports of visible precipitate, identified as calcium carbonate, forming during hemofiltration with Accusol 35 solution.

Aim: To evaluate the potential for acute cardiopulmonary adverse effects of Accusol 35 containing exaggerated calcium carbonate particles.

Methods: Anesthetized dogs underwent continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) with Accusol 35 containing visible and subvisible particles (≥10 µm) 36 times higher than the maximum concentration specified in the European Pharmacopoeia (P-Accusol), or Accusol 35 conforming to specification (Accusol).

14-Hydroxylation of opiates: catalytic direct autoxidation of codeinone to 14-hydroxycodeinone.

Codeinone (3) was efficiently and directly converted to 14-hydroxycodeinone (1) by catalytic air oxidation in aqueous solution. A number of simple manganese and copper salts were identified to be effective catalysts, including MnSO4, KMnO4, and CuSO4. An appropriate reducing agent, such as sodium thiosulfate, is required in the reaction mixture presumably for the reduction of a detrimental peroxide intermediate.