The current status of the use of carbon dioxide in diagnostic and interventional angiographic procedures.

Since the first description of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) angiography the indications for using CO(2) have been changing and the applications of CO(2) angiography evolving. This review covers the contemporary role of CO(2) angiography. CO(2) angiography can be considered according to whether it is likely to be better, equivalent to or worse than conventional iodinated contrast medium (ICM).

Metrics for an interventional radiology curriculum: a case for standardisation?

Interventional radiology training and assessment would benefit greatly from the introduction of simulation. Assessment methods should facilitate the highest standards of training and therefore must be chosen on the basis of evidence of impact on learning. A study of assessment in a training model shows the need for specialty specific metrics which were derived from a task analysis of interventional procedures.