SK3 channel and mitochondrial ROS mediate NADPH oxidase-independent NETosis induced by calcium influx.

Neutrophils cast neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to defend the host against invading pathogens. Although effective against microbial pathogens, a growing body of literature now suggests that NETs have negative impacts on many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Identifying mechanisms that regulate the process termed "NETosis" is important for treating these diseases.

CXCL1 contributes to host defense in polymicrobial sepsis via modulating T cell and neutrophil functions.

Severe bacterial sepsis leads to a proinflammatory condition that can manifest as septic shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Neutrophils are critical for the rapid elimination of bacteria; however, the role of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 in bacterial clearance during sepsis remains elusive. To test the hypothesis that CXCL1 is critical to host defense during sepsis, we used CXCL1-deficient mice and bone marrow chimeras to demonstrate the importance of this molecule in sepsis.

Lipoxin generation is related to soluble epoxide hydrolase activity in severe asthma.

Rationale: Severe asthma is characterized by airway inflammatory responses associated with aberrant metabolism of arachidonic acid. Lipoxins (LX) are arachidonate-derived pro-resolving mediators that are decreased in severe asthma, yet mechanisms for defective LX biosynthesis and a means to increase LXs in severe asthma remain to be established.

Objectives: To determine if oxidative stress and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity are linked to decreased LX biosynthesis in severe asthma.

Innate immune collectin surfactant protein D simultaneously binds both neutrophil extracellular traps and carbohydrate ligands and promotes bacterial trapping.

Neutrophils release DNA-based extracellular traps to capture and kill bacteria. The mechanism(s) and proteins that promote neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-mediated bacterial trapping are not clearly established. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an innate immune collectin present in many mucosal surfaces.