Percutaneous Interventions for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation.

Mitral regurgitation is frequently associated with ventricular dysfunction and carries a high mortality. Guideline-directed medical therapy, surgical mitral valve repair or replacement, and, in the setting of advanced heart failure, heart transplant and left ventricular assist devices have been the mainstay of treatment. However, rapid advancement in the field has resulted in approval of edge-to-edge mitral valve repair with the MitraClip, and there are several novel catheter-based percutaneous options in clinical trials.

Venous thrombosis after nitrous oxide abuse, a case report.

Nitrous oxide is a commonly abused inhalant by adolescents and young adults. There is limited data describing the adverse effects of nitrous oxide abuse, known colloquially as "whippets". We present a 21-year-old female with no medical history who presented to the emergency department for confusion, hallucinations, weakness, and falls.

An evolutionarily conserved program of B-cell development and activation in zebrafish.

Teleost fish are among the most ancient vertebrates possessing an adaptive immune system with B and T lymphocytes that produce memory responses to pathogens. Most bony fish, however, have only 2 types of B lymphocytes, in contrast to the 4 types available to mammals. To better understand the evolution of adaptive immunity, we generated transgenic zebrafish in which the major immunoglobulin M (IgM(+)) B-cell subset expresses green fluorescence protein (GFP) (IgM1:eGFP).