Medical semiology of patients with monogenic obesity: A systematic review.

Patients with monogenic obesity display numerous medical features on top of hyperphagic obesity, but no study to date has provided an exhaustive description of their semiology. Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases from inception to January 2022 to identify studies that described symptoms of patients carrying pathogenic mutations in at least one of eight monogenic obesity genes (ADCY3, LEP, LEPR, MC3R, MC4R, MRAP2, PCSK1, and POMC). Of 5207 identified references, 269 were deemed eligible after title and abstract screening, full-text reading, and risk of bias and quality assessment.

Sequencing methods, functional characterization, prevalence, and penetrance of rare coding mutations in panels of monogenic obesity genes from the leptin-melanocortin pathway: A systematic review.

The recent development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has led to an increase of mutation screening reports of monogenic obesity genes in diverse experimental designs. However, no study to date has summarized their findings. Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases from inception to September 2022 to identify monogenic non-syndromic obesity gene screening studies.

Association of total and pancreatic serum amylase enzymatic activity with insulin resistance and the glucose and insulin responses to oral starch test in Mexican children.

Background/objectives: Little is known about the effect of serum amylase enzymatic activity on glucose metabolism. We investigated the association of serum amylase enzymatic activity with fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance (IR), and the plasma glucose and insulin response to an oral starch test (OST) in Mexican children.

Methods: Anthropometric data, glucose and insulin levels, and the serum enzymatic activity of total (AMYt), salivary (AMY1), and pancreatic (AMY2) amylase were analysed in 764 children (N  = 427/N  = 337).

Body mass index trajectories and their predictors in undergraduate students from Canada: Results from the GENEiUS study.

To explore the patterns and predictors of body mass index (BMI) change among undergraduate students from Ontario (Canada). 68 undergraduate students were followed longitudinally for 3 years with anthropometric data collected bi-annually. BMI measurements were plotted to generate individual BMI trajectory curves, which were categorized, based on the observed trajectory pattern.

Effects of supplementation on blood concentration and mRNA expression of TNF-, PPAR- and adiponectin, as major adipogenesis-related markers, in obese and overweight women: a crossover, randomised-controlled trial.

Adipocyte expansion through adipogenesis can offset the adverse metabolic effects of obesity. (NS) (black seed) oil is shown to have therapeutic features in the management of obesity. NS oil might have beneficial changes in obese populations through mediating serum levels of adipogenesis-related parameters and relative transcriptional gene-diet interactions (nutrigenomics), though no previous studies assessed this mechanism in overweight/obese participants.

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor- 23: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Previous studies of the effect of vtamin D on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor- 23 (FGF-23) have yeilded an inconsistent findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sought to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of FGF-23. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched, from database inception to November 2020, for RCTs that evaluated the effects of native or active vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of FGF-23 in adults.

Consequences of Paternal Nutrition on Offspring Health and Disease.

It is well established that the maternal diet during the periconceptional period affects the progeny's health. A growing body of evidence suggests that the paternal diet also influences disease onset in offspring. For many years, sperm was considered only to contribute half of the progeny's genome.

Genetic syndromes with diabetes: A systematic review.

Previous reviews and clinical guidelines have identified 10-20 genetic syndromes associated with diabetes, but no systematic review has been conducted to date. We provide the first comprehensive catalog for syndromes with diabetes mellitus. We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, PubMed, OMIM, and Orphanet databases for case reports, case series, and observational studies published between 1946 and January 15, 2020, that described diabetes mellitus in adults and children with monogenic or chromosomal syndromes.

Effect of sex/gender on obesity traits in Canadian first year university students: The GENEiUS study.

Background: While weight gain during first year of university has been well documented in North America, literature on sex-specific effects is scarce and inconsistent. The objective of this investigation was to explore sex-specific changes in obesity traits during first year of university at McMaster University (Ontario, Canada).

Methods: 245 first-year students (80.

The MC4R p.Ile269Asn mutation confers a high risk for type 2 diabetes in the Mexican population via obesity dependent and independent effects.

We investigated the association between the loss-of-function mutation MC4R p.Ile269Asn and T2D risk in the Mexican population. We enrolled 6929 adults [3175 T2D cases and 3754 normal glucose tolerant (NGT) controls] and 994 NGT children in the study.

AGT rs4762 is associated with diastolic blood pressure in Mexicans with diabetic nephropathy.

Aims: Since angiotensinogen has a pivotal role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the analysis of polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene could help explain its potential involvement in hypertension and diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis. For that reason, we investigated 1) the association of AGT rs4762 with blood pressure (BP) and kidney function-related traits and 2) the interaction effect of AGT rs4762 with DN on BP and kidney function-related traits in 546 Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We enrolled 546 unrelated Mexican patients with T2D (350 cases with DN and 196 controls without DN).

The effect of race/ethnicity on obesity traits in first year university students from Canada: The GENEiUS study.

Background: Little is known about the impact of race/ethnicity on weight change at university. The objective of this study is to determine if ethnicity has an impact on obesity traits in a multiethnic cohort of first-year students at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: 183 first year students from the three most represented ethnic groups (South Asian, East Asian, and white-Caucasian) in our study sample were followed longitudinally with data collected early in the academic year and towards the end of the year.

Association of gut microbiome with fasting triglycerides, fasting insulin and obesity status in Mexican children.

Background: The association of gut microbiota with obesity and its cardio-metabolic complications in paediatric populations is still controversial.

Objective: We investigated the association of obesity and cardio-metabolic traits with gut microbiota on 167 and 163 children with normal weight and obesity from Mexico City and Oaxaca, Mexico.

Methods: Anthropometric and biochemical traits were measured.

Effect of living arrangement on anthropometric traits in first-year university students from Canada: The GENEiUS study.

Background: The transition to university often involves a change in living arrangement for many first-year students. While weight gain during first year of university has been well documented, Canadian literature on the impact of living arrangement within this context is limited. The objective of this investigation was to explore the effect of living arrangement on anthropometric traits in first-year university students from Ontario, Canada.

Signatures of natural selection and ethnic-specific prevalence of NPC1 pathogenic mutations contributing to obesity and Niemann-Pick disease type C1.

While homozygous pathogenic mutations in the NPC1 gene cause Niemann-Pick type C1 disease, heterozygous mutations cause highly-penetrant obesity. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of NPC1 mutations and their signatures of natural selection in 122,678 exome sequenced participants from six ethnic groups in the Genome Aggregation Database. Pathogenic missense coding mutations were identified by in silico tools and the ClinVar database.

Sex/Gender Modifies the Association Between the MC4R p.Ile269Asn Mutation and Type 2 Diabetes in the Mexican Population.

Context: Studies in mice and humans suggest that melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency affects body weight in a sex-/gender-dependent manner. However, similar evidence for type 2 diabetes (T2D) is scarce.

Objective And Design: We investigated whether sex/gender modifies the association between the loss-of-function MC4R p.

Novel loci for childhood body mass index and shared heritability with adult cardiometabolic traits.

The genetic background of childhood body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the well-known associations of childhood BMI with adult diseases are explained by shared genetic factors, are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. Twenty-five independent loci reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and replication analyses.

Circulating levels of CTRP3 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Growing evidence suggests that adipokines may be therapeutic targets for cardiometabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) is a newly discovered adipokine which shares properties with adiponectin. The literature about the association between circulating levels of CTRP3 and T2DM has been conflicting.

Identifying factors associated with obesity traits in undergraduate students: a scoping review.

Objectives: This scoping review identifies factors associated with obesity traits including body mass index, weight, and body fat percentage in undergraduate students.

Methods: We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO for original studies of undergraduate students where an obesity trait was associated with a risk factor.

Results: Two-hundred sixty-eight articles were included comprising of 251 studies: 186 cross-sectional, 50 cohort, 11 interventional, and 4 qualitative.

Medium term post-bariatric surgery deficit of vitamin B12 is predicted by deficit at time of surgery.

Background: Patients with morbid obesity have a high risk of deficits in micronutrients, after bariatric surgery. The reasons why systematic use of multivitamin and trace element supplements cannot prevent all deficits are complex and should deserve more attention. Little is known about the influence of micronutrient deficits at surgery.