One-Stage Vs. Two-Step One Anastomosis Duodenal Switch (OADS/SADI-S): A Safety and Efficacy Single-Center Propensity-Score Matched Analysis.

Introduction: One Anastomosis Duodenal Switch (OADS/SADI-S) is used both as a one stage and a second-step procedure, either planned or revisional after a failed sleeve gastrectomy. However, there is lack of adjusted comparative evidence validating its use.

Material And Methods: Propensity-score matched comparison between patients submitted to one-stage vs.

Correction: Clinical outcomes in a primary-level non-communicable disease programme for Syrian refugees and the host population in Jordan: A cohort analysis using routine data.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.

Intestinal Bipartition After Failed Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Safe and Simple Alternative Technique in a Challenging Case with Vascular Anomalies.

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most performed bariatric surgery worldwide but approximately 50% of patients will present insufficient weight loss or weight regain after surgery. In 2004, Santoro et al. described an alternative revisional technique other than DS and RYGBP called intestinal bipartition (IB).

Successful Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C Normalizes IFNγ and IL2 Production in T Cells Together with TLR8 Expression and Functionality in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

Chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV) activates a systemic cell-mediated immune response characterized by the production of IFNγ and an innate immune response addressed by the activation of TLR signaling. We aimed to investigate whether HCV eradication by direct acting antivirals (DAA) leads to a recovery in cell-mediated immune response and TLR expression and functionality. Blood samples were obtained in HCV infected patients before DAA treatment and at week +48 after the end of treatment.

Identification of tipifarnib sensitivity biomarkers in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma.

Patients diagnosed with T-cell leukemias and T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) still have a poor prognosis and an inadequate response to current therapies, highlighting the need for targeted treatments. We have analyzed the potential therapeutic value of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor, tipifarnib, in 25 TCL cell lines through the identification of genomic and/or immunohistochemical markers of tipifarnib sensitivity. More than half of the cell lines (60%) were considered to be sensitive.

Sex-Specific Regulation of miR-29b in the Myocardium Under Pressure Overload is Associated with Differential Molecular, Structural and Functional Remodeling Patterns in Mice and Patients with Aortic Stenosis.

Pressure overload in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) induces an adverse remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) in a sex-specific manner. We assessed whether a sex-specific miR-29b dysregulation underlies this sex-biased remodeling pattern, as has been described in liver fibrosis. We studied mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and patients with AS.

Author Correction: Human neutrophils phagocytose and kill Acinetobacter baumannii and A. pittii.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

High Pretransplant BAFF Levels and B-cell Subset Polarized towards a Memory Phenotype as Predictive Biomarkers for Antibody-Mediated Rejection.

Antibody-mediated rejection (AbMR) is one of the leading causes of graft loss in kidney transplantation and B cells play an important role in the development of it. A B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a cytokine involved in B cell ontogeny. Here, we analyzed whether B cell maturation and the effect of B cell soluble factors, such as BAFF could be involved in AbMR.

Dominant-negative ATF5 rapidly depletes survivin in tumor cells.

Survivin (BIRC5, product of the BIRC5 gene) is highly expressed in many tumor types and has been widely identified as a potential target for cancer therapy. However, effective anti-survivin drugs remain to be developed. Here we report that both vector-delivered and cell-penetrating dominant-negative (dn) forms of the transcription factor ATF5 that promote selective death of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo cause survivin depletion in tumor cell lines of varying origins.

Lyssavirus matrix protein cooperates with phosphoprotein to modulate the Jak-Stat pathway.

Phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) cooperate to undermine the immune response to rabies virus (RABV) infections. While P is involved in the modulation of the Jak-Stat pathway through the cytoplasmic retention of interferon (IFN)-activated STAT1 (pSTAT1), M interacts with the RelAp43-p105-ABIN2-TPL2 complex, to efficiently inhibit the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Using transfections, protein-complementation assays, reverse genetics and DNA ChIP, we identified a role of M protein in the control of Jak-Stat signaling pathway, in synergy with the P protein.

Enhanced Light Sheet Elastic Scattering Microscopy by Using a Supercontinuum Laser.

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy techniques have revolutionized biological microscopy enabling low-phototoxic long-term 3D imaging of living samples. Although there exist many light sheet microscopy (LSM) implementations relying on fluorescence, just a few works have paid attention to the laser elastic scattering source of contrast available in every light sheet microscope. Interestingly, elastic scattering can potentially disclose valuable information from the structure and composition of the sample at different spatial scales.

Comparison of Different Polarization Sensitive Second Harmonic Generation Imaging Techniques.

Polarization sensitive second harmonic generation (pSHG) microscopy is an imaging technique able to provide, in a non-invasive manner, information related to the molecular structure of second harmonic generation (SHG) active structures, many of which are commonly found in biological tissue. The process of acquiring this information by means of pSHG microscopy requires a scan of the sample using different polarizations of the excitation beam. This process can take considerable time in comparison with the dynamics of in vivo processes.

Selective increase of cardiomyocyte derived extracellular vesicles after experimental myocardial infarction and functional effects on the endothelium.

Introduction: Wound healing after myocardial infarction (MI) is mediated by different cell types, secreted proteins, components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and, as increasing evidences suggest, extracellular vesicles (EVs). We aim to determine the dynamics of release and origin of EVs after MI, as well as their biological activity on endothelial cells (ECs).

Methods: MI was induced in WT mice and blood and tissues collected at baseline, 3, 15 and 30 days post-ligation for cardiac function (echocardiography) and histological evaluation.

Experimental modelling of cardiac pressure overload hypertrophy: Modified technique for precise, reproducible, safe and easy aortic arch banding-debanding in mice.

Pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy is a known precursor of heart failure with ominous prognosis. The development of experimental models that reproduce this phenomenon is instrumental for the advancement in our understanding of its pathophysiology. The gold standard of these models is the controlled constriction of the mid aortic arch in mice according to Rockman's technique (RT).

Human neutrophils phagocytose and kill Acinetobacter baumannii and A. pittii.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a common cause of health care associated infections worldwide. A. pittii is an opportunistic pathogen also frequently isolated from Acinetobacter infections other than those from A.

STED imaging performance estimation by means of Fourier transform analysis.

Due to relatively high powers used in STED, biological samples may be affected by the illumination in the process of image acquisition. Similarly, the performance of the system may be limited by the sample itself. Optimization of the STED parameters taking into account the sample itself is therefore a complex task as there is no clear methodology that can determine the image improvement in an objective and quantitative manner.

Extracellular heat shock protein 90 binding to TGFβ receptor I participates in TGFβ-mediated collagen production in myocardial fibroblasts.

The pathological remodeling heart shows an increase in left ventricular mass and an excess of extracellular matrix deposition that can over time cause heart failure. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is the main cytokine controlling this process. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has been shown to play a critical role in TGFβ signaling by stabilizing the TGFβ signaling cascade.

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope imaging: technology update.

Adaptive optics (AO) retinal imaging has become very popular in the past few years, especially within the ophthalmic research community. Several different retinal techniques, such as fundus imaging cameras or optical coherence tomography systems, have been coupled with AO in order to produce impressive images showing individual cell mosaics over different layers of the in vivo human retina. The combination of AO with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy has been extensively used to generate impressive images of the human retina with unprecedented resolution, showing individual photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium cells, as well as microscopic capillary vessels, or the nerve fiber layer.

BMP-7 attenuates left ventricular remodelling under pressure overload and facilitates reverse remodelling and functional recovery.

Aims: TGF-β regulates tissue fibrosis: TGF-β promotes fibrosis, whereas bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 is antifibrotic. To demonstrate that (i) left ventricular (LV) remodelling after pressure overload is associated with disequilibrium in the signalling mediated by these cytokines, and (ii) BMP-7 exerts beneficial effects on LV remodelling and reverse remodelling.

Methods And Results: We studied patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and TAC release (de-TAC).

Different in vitro proliferation and cytokine-production inhibition of memory T-cell subsets after calcineurin and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors treatment.

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) are the main immunosuppressants used for long-term maintenance therapy in transplant recipients to avoid acute rejection episodes. Both groups of immunosuppressants have wide effects and are focused against the T cells, although different impacts on specific T-cell subsets, such as regulatory T cells, have been demonstrated. A greater knowledge of the impact of immunosuppression on the cellular components involved in allograft rejection could facilitate decisions for individualized immunosuppression when an acute rejection event is suspected.

Translational label-free nonlinear imaging biomarkers to classify the human corneal microstructure.

Diseases that affect the cornea can lead to severe vision loss and have tremendous social impact. These diseases are associated to deviations from normal structural order and orientation of collagen fibril bundles. Unfortunately, resolving non-invasively the corneal collagen structure is not possible to date.

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) in comparison with stimulated emission depletion (STED) and other imaging methods.

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy are two super-resolution optical microscopy approaches that have rapidly gained popularity in recent years. Both modalities offer super-resolution imaging capabilities with the potential for imaging in multiple colors, three-dimensions, and the possibility to image in live cells. In this review, we focus on the specific advantages and disadvantages of each technique in the context of each other.

p-SMAD2/3 and DICER promote pre-miR-21 processing during pressure overload-associated myocardial remodeling.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces miR-21 expression which contributes to fibrotic events in the left ventricle (LV) under pressure overload. SMAD effectors of TGF-β signaling interact with DROSHA to promote primary miR-21 processing into precursor miR-21 (pre-miR-21). We hypothesize that p-SMAD-2 and -3 also interact with DICER1 to regulate the processing of pre-miR-21 to mature miR-21 in cardiac fibroblasts under experimental and clinical pressure overload.

Health related quality of life improvement in breast cancer patients: secondary outcome from a simple blinded, randomised clinical trial.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of an early physiotherapy intervention for the prevention of secondary lymphoedema on health-related quality of life in women who also received an education program after breast cancer surgery.

Methods: One hundred and fifty three women diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer (stage I-II) treated with breast surgery, which included axillary lymph-node dissection, from Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid (Spain) were randomly assigned into two groups. Subjects in early physiotherapy group (n = 76) received a physiotherapy intervention combined with a therapeutic education program; women in the control group (n = 77) received only the therapeutic education program.

BAMBI (BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) protects the murine heart from pressure-overload biomechanical stress by restraining TGF-β signaling.

Left ventricular (LV) pressure overload is a major cause of heart failure. Transforming growth factors-β (TGF-βs) promote LV remodeling under biomechanical stress. BAMBI (BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) is a pseudoreceptor that negatively modulates TGF-β signaling.