Towards standardization of person-reported outcomes (PROs) in pediatric diabetes research: A consensus report.

Background: Diabetes ranks among the most common chronic conditions in childhood and adolescence. It is unique among chronic conditions, in that clinical outcomes are intimately tied to how the child or adolescent living with diabetes and their parents or carers react to and implement good clinical practice guidance. It is widely recognized that the individual's perspective about the impact of trying to manage the disease together with the burden of self-management should be addressed to achieve optimal health outcomes.

Person-reported outcomes in registered randomised diabetes trials: A mapping review of constructs.

Aim: Recently, efforts have been made to use and report person-reported outcomes (PROs) in randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Here, we aim to (1) assess the status of inclusion of PROs in registered RCTs over 5 years in people with type 1 or 2 diabetes, and (2) map the PRO measures (PROMs) onto predefined domains.

Methods: The largest trial registries (Clinicatrials.

Association of Preulcerative Foot Care and Outcomes of Diabetic Foot Ulceration.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of preulcerative foot care and outcomes of diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study using the Mariner all-payers claims data set included participants with a new DFU from 2010 to 2019. Patients were stratified into two cohorts (foot care and control) based on whether they had received any outpatient foot care within 12 months before DFU.

Towards the standardisation of adult person-reported outcome domains in diabetes research: A Consensus Statement development panel.

Diabetes is unique among chronic diseases because clinical outcomes are intimately tied to how the person living with diabetes reacts to and implements treatment recommendations. It is further characterised by widespread social stigma, judgement and paternalism. This physical, social and psychological burden collectively influences self-management behaviours.

Optimizing Postpartum Care in Rural Communities: Insights from Women in Arizona and Implications for Policy.

Objectives: Optimal postpartum care promotes healthcare utilization and outcomes. This qualitative study investigated the experiences and perceived needs for postpartum care among women in rural communities in Arizona, United States.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with thirty childbearing women and analyzed the transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis to gauge their experiences, needs, and factors affecting postpartum healthcare utilization.

Extended Medicaid coverage will improve access but insufficient to enhance postpartum care utilization: a secondary analysis of the 2016-2019 Arizona Medicaid claims.

Introduction: Postpartum Medicaid eligibility extensions may increase access to healthcare for low-income women. However, its implications for healthcare utilization are unknown.

Methods: We analyzed the linked-infant birth certificate and claims data of women whose childbirths were paid for by Medicaid between 2016 and 2019 in Arizona, United States.

Uncovering heterogeneous cardiometabolic risk profiles in US adults: the role of social and behavioral determinants of health.

Introduction: Social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDH) have been linked to diabetes risk, but their role in explaining variations in cardiometabolic risk across race/ethnicity in US adults is unclear. This study aimed to classify adults into distinct cardiometabolic risk subgroups using SBDH and clinically measured metabolic risk factors, while comparing their associations with undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes by race/ethnicity.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed data from 38,476 US adults without prior diabetes diagnosis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018.

Exploring the Impact of Dawn Phenomenon on Glucose-Guided Eating Thresholds in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Observational Study.

Background: Glucose-guided eating (GGE) improves metabolic markers of chronic disease risk, including insulin resistance, in adults without diabetes. GGE is a timed eating paradigm that relies on experiencing feelings of hunger and having a preprandial glucose level below a personalized threshold computed from 2 consecutive morning fasting glucose levels. The dawn phenomenon (DP), which results in elevated morning preprandial glucose levels, could cause typically derived GGE thresholds to be unacceptable or ineffective among people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

A vicious cycle: employment challenges associated with diabetes foot ulcers in an economically marginalized Southwest US sample.

Aim: To describe patients' reported employment challenges associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Methods: Fifteen patients from under-resourced communities in Southern Arizona, with a history of DFUs and/or amputations, were recruited from a tertiary referral center from June 2020 to February 2021. Participants consented to an audio-recorded semi-structured phone interview.

Disparities in preventative diabetic foot examination.

The objective of this study was to assess the overall differences in the standard of preventive foot care for patients at risk of diabetic foot ulceration and to identify specific demographic factors affecting these health care practices, including race and ethnicity. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for 2011 to 2018 were analyzed. Participants (20 years and older) with diabetes were categorized as White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and others (including multiracial participants) based on self-reported race and ethnicity.

Assessment of Glucose Monitoring Adherence in Medicare Beneficiaries with Insulin-Treated Diabetes.

We investigated the potential associations between race/ethnicity and adherence to prescribed glucose monitoring in a sample of Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes and how adherence to the method used impacted diabetes-related inpatient hospitalizations and associated costs among beneficiaries with intensive insulin-treated diabetes. This 12-month retrospective analysis utilized Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data to identify Medicare beneficiaries who used intensive insulin therapy from January through December 2018 and classified them into four groups: (1) persons using real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM), (2) persons using any method of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) who followed prescribed use patterns (adherent), (3) persons who were prescribed BGM but were nonadherent in its use, and (4) no record of any form of BGM. Analyses compared these groups and the role that comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI]), and race/ethnicity played on group assignment, diabetes-related inpatient hospitalizations, and costs.

mHealth-Supported Gender- and Culturally Sensitive Weight Loss Intervention for Hispanic Men With Overweight and Obesity: Single-Arm Pilot Study.

Background: Hispanic men have disproportionate rates of overweight and obesity compared with other racial and ethnic subpopulations. However, few weight loss interventions have been developed specifically for this high-risk group. Furthermore, the use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies to support lifestyle behavior changes in weight loss interventions for Hispanic men is largely untested.

A qualitative study of barriers to care-seeking for diabetic foot ulceration across multiple levels of the healthcare system.

Introduction: The mechanisms for the observed disparities in diabetes-related amputation are poorly understood and could be related to access for diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) care. This qualitative study aimed to understand patients' personal experiences navigating the healthcare system and the barriers they faced.

Methods: Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted over the phone between June 2020 to February 2021.

Diabetes-Related Worries and Coping Among Youth and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Although mood and anxiety symptoms are common in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), little research has described their worries across developmental stages or the strategies they use to cope with these worries. This secondary data analysis aimed to describe and characterize common T1D-related worries and coping strategies from middle childhood through young adulthood.

Methods: Twenty-three youth (9 children, 7 adolescents, and 7 young adults) completed semistructured qualitative interviews about health-related quality of life.

An Article in Two Parts: My Dinners With Richard Addressing Diabetes Disparities in Hispanic Populations.

This article was adapted from the address Dr. Marrero delivered as the recipient of the American Diabetes Association's Richard R. Rubin Award for 2021.

Hair Stylists as Lay Health Workers: Perspectives of Black Women on Salon-Based Health Promotion.

Lay health workers (LHWs) have been effective in delivering health promotion to underserved, vulnerable populations. Hair stylists are well positioned to serve as LHWs in addressing health disparities among Black women in the U.S.

Rates of Diabetes-Related Major Amputations Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Adults Following Medicaid Expansion Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Importance: It is not known whether implementation of Medicaid expansion under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was associated with improvements in the outcomes among racial and ethnic minority adults at risk of diabetes-related major amputations.

Objective: To explore the association of early Medicaid expansion with outcomes of diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included hospitalizations for DFUs among African American, Asian and Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic adults as well as adults with another minority racial or ethnic identification aged 20 to 64 years.

The patient's perspective of diabetic foot ulceration: A phenomenological exploration of causes, detection and care seeking.

Aims: Diabetic foot ulceration can contribute to lowered life expectancy and quality of life for people with diabetes, and yet, scant attention has been given to improving preventive and educational measures. This article uses a phenomenological approach to explore individuals' lived experiences of diabetic foot ulcerations to explore factors that can be harnessed to achieve improved outcomes.

Design: This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews grounded in a phenomenological framework to explore how patients perceive and understand their foot problems.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Risk Factors in a Community-Based Sample of Mexican-Origin Adults.

The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highest among Mexican-origin (MO) adults. Few studies have estimated the prevalence of NAFLD in this subpopulation, particularly by sex and age. We assessed the prevalence of NAFLD in a community sample of MO adults residing in a border region of southern Arizona and determined risk factors associated with NAFLD.

'I don't sleep through the night': Qualitative study of sleep in type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience greater sleep disturbances than people without diabetes. However, the nature, causes and effects of sleep disruption in individuals with T1D and their family are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore and characterise the perspectives of parents, partners and individuals with diabetes about T1D-related sleep issues.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Intervention for Mothers and Children at a Federally Qualified Healthcare Center.

Background: Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) contribute to increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among both mothers and their offspring. Randomized trials demonstrated T2DM risk reduction in adults following lifestyle behavior change and modest weight loss; the evidence base for at-risk children remains limited.

Purpose: Evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a T2DM prevention intervention for mother-child dyads delivered by Federally Qualified Health Center staff.

"We are a family with diabetes": Parent perspectives on siblings of youth with type 1 diabetes.

Having a child with type 1 diabetes (T1D) impacts the entire family system. Parental distress and burden have been well studied, but other family members, including siblings, have received little attention. Based on research about family life and sibling experiences in other chronic condition populations (e.

Health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in U.S. barbershops and hair salons- a systematic review.

Background: African American adults suffer disproportionately from obesity-related chronic diseases, particularly at younger ages. In order to close the gap in these health disparities, efforts to develop and test culturally appropriate interventions are critical.

Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted to identify and critically evaluate health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons.