Natural attenuation of lead by microbial manganese oxides in a karst aquifer.

Lead is a toxic environmental contaminant associated with current and historic mine sites. Here we studied the natural attenuation of Pb in a limestone cave system that receives drainage from the ancient Priddy Mineries, UK. Extensive deposits of manganese oxides were observed to be forming on the cave walls and as coatings in the stream beds.

A Snapshot of Veterinary Education Establishments and Veterinary Statutory Bodies in Asia and the Pacific Region: Issues Identified and OIE Activities to Address Them.

Veterinary education establishments (VEEs) and veterinary statutory bodies (VSBs) play key roles in ensuring the effectiveness of veterinary professionals and delivery of competent national veterinary services (VS). Recognizing the need to address the quality of veterinary education and the role of VSBs for its member countries/territories (Members), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has organized conferences, workshops, and groups leading to the development of recommendations and guidelines and the introduction of active programmers on veterinary education. In Asia and the Pacific region, veterinary education and practice as well as regulatory approach among Members vary considerably, and limited information is currently available publicly.

Perspective on the OIE Veterinary Education Establishment Twinning Programme.

This article introduces the Supplement Issue of the () on the OIE Veterinary Education Establishment Twinning Programme. It provides some background on the origins of the program, information on its implementation, and some of the outcomes and benefits already identified.

An International Collaborative Approach to Developing Training Guidelines for Veterinary Paraprofessionals.

Veterinary paraprofessionals (VPPs) are engaged worldwide in animal health management, disease surveillance and food safety control. In many countries, particularly developing countries, VPPs are critical to national veterinary services provision. Until recently, there were no globally recognized training requirements for VPPs.

A global veterinary medical perspective on the concept of one health: focus on livestock.

While globalization has yielded many benefits for society, it also has created many new challenges, particularly with regard to animal, human, and environmental health. Livestock contribute significantly to the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people worldwide and global demand for foods of animal origin has been steadily increasing for decades. It is therefore critical to recognize and understand the global dimension of livestock production and its impacts.

Ion association in concentrated NaCI brines from ambient to supercritical conditions: results from classical molecular dynamics simulations.

Highly concentrated NaCl brines are important geothermal fluids; chloride complexation of metals in such brines increases the solubility of minerals and plays a fundamental role in the genesis of hydrothermal ore deposits. There is experimental evidence that the molecular nature of the NaCl-water system changes over the pressure-temperature range of the Earth's crust. A transition of concentrated NaCl-HO brines to a "hydrous molten salt" at high and has been argued to stabilize an aqueous fluid phase in the deep crust.