Abscisic acid rescues the root meristem defects of the Medicago truncatula latd mutant.

The LATD gene of the model legume, Medicago truncatula, is required for the normal function of three meristems, i.e. the primary root, lateral roots and nitrogen-fixing nodules.

Crosstalk between jasmonic acid, ethylene and Nod factor signaling allows integration of diverse inputs for regulation of nodulation.

Plant hormones interact at many different levels to form a network of signaling pathways connected by antagonistic and synergistic interactions. Ethylene and jasmonic acid both act to regulate the plant's responsiveness to a common set of biotic stimuli. In addition ethylene has been shown to negatively regulate the plant's response to the rhizobial bacterial signal, Nod factor.

The LATD gene of Medicago truncatula is required for both nodule and root development.

The evolutionary origins of legume root nodules are largely unknown. We have identified a gene, LATD, of the model legume Medicago truncatula, that is required for both nodule and root development, suggesting that these two developmental processes may share a common evolutionary origin. The latd mutant plants initiate nodule formation but do not complete it, resulting in immature, non-nitrogen-fixing nodules.

Different resistance mutations can be detected simultaneously in the blood and the lung of HIV-1 infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy.

In this retrospective study, matched peripheral blood and lung samples from patients on antiretroviral therapy were studied in order to investigate whether differences in mutations associated with resistance to nucleoside analogues could be detected between the lung and blood. Discordant mutation patterns in the reverse transcriptase (RT) between plasma and cell free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL-fluid) HIV-1 genomic RNA was observed in five out of seven patients on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) monotherapy and six out of seven on combination therapy. In the cellular compartments, DNA recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cells from BAL-cells discordant HIV-1 resistance genotypes were detected in 15 out of 44 matched samples.