Microbiome and health implications for ethnic minorities after enforced lifestyle changes.

Modern lifestyles increase the risk of chronic diseases, in part by modifying the microbiome, but the health effects of lifestyles enforced on ethnic minorities are understudied. Lifestyle affects the microbiome early in life, when the microbiome is assembled and the immune system is undergoing maturation. Moreover, the influence of lifestyle has been separated from genetic and geographic factors by studies of genetically similar populations and ethnically distinct groups living in the same geographic location.

Gut microbiota alterations associated with reduced bone mineral density in older adults.

Objective: To investigate compositional differences in the gut microbiota associated with bone homeostasis and fractures in a cohort of older adults.

Methods: Faecal microbiota profiles were determined from 181 individuals with osteopenia (n = 61) or osteoporosis (n = 60), and an age- and gender-matched group with normal BMD (n = 60). Analysis of the 16S (V3-V4 region) amplicon dataset classified to the genus level was used to identify significantly differentially abundant taxa.

Four men in a boat: Ultra-endurance exercise alters the gut microbiome.

Objectives: Compositional and functional adaptions occur in the gut microbiome in response to habitual physical activity. The response of the gut microbiome to sustained, intense exercise in previously active individuals, however, is unknown. This study aimed to prospectively explore the gut microbiome response of four well-trained male athletes to prolonged, high intensity trans-oceanic rowing, describing changes in microbial diversity, abundance and metabolic capacity.

A Repeated-measures Case Series of Physiological Responses to a Transoceanic Rowing Race.

This repeated-measures case series describes the changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and systemic inflammation in 4 well-trained athletes pre- and post-completion of an unsupported transatlantic rowing race. The acute effects of endurance exercise have been well described previously, but the enduring consequences of ultra-endurance on the cardiorespiratory, metabolic and immune systems are largely unknown. This study explores these physiological adaptations following 2 weeks of recovery.

Reducing inappropriate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory prescription in primary care patients with chronic kidney disease.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reduce inappropriate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory prescribing in primary care patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Once diagnosed, CKD management involves delaying progression to end stage renal failure and preventing complications. It is well established that non-steroidal anti-inflammatories have a negative effect on kidney function and consequently, all nephrology consensus groups suggest avoiding this drug class in CKD.