Bringing back the core concepts of physiology in an advanced medical school senior elective.

Integrating physiology core concepts into the clinical years of medical education has been challenging despite efforts. This article describes a fourth-year medical school elective, Advanced Physiology in Critical Care Medicine, that focused on integrating physiology core concepts in a case-based learning approach. The elective used interdisciplinary faculty in a virtual forum.

Using a boundary crossing lens to understand basic science educator and clinical educator collaboration in instructional design.

Purpose: Collaborations between basic science educators (BE) and clinical educators (CE) in medical education are common and necessary to create integrated learning materials. However, few studies describe experiences of or processes used by educators engaged in interdisciplinary teamwork. We use the lens of boundary crossing to explore processes described by BE and CE that support the co-creation of integrated learning materials, and the impact that this work has on them.

Photoinactivation and Photoablation of .

Several types of phototherapy target human pathogens and () in particular. The various approaches can be organized into five different treatment modes sorted by different power densities, interaction times, effective wavelengths and mechanisms of action. Mode 1: antimicrobial ultraviolet (aUV); mode 2: antimicrobial blue light (aBL); mode 3: antimicrobial selective photothermolysis (aSP); mode 4: antimicrobial vaporization; mode 5: antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT).

High-Fidelity Patient Simulation Activities to Facilitate Self-Regulation in First-Year Medical Students.

The purpose of this innovation was to utilize high-fidelity patient simulation (HFPS) activities for students to self-reflect on their study strategies and performance to provide metacognitive awareness. Students wrote self-reflections after HFPS activities comparing their individual responses to faculty answers focusing on study approach and future planning.

Ventricular Tachycardia or Fibrillation Storm in Coronavirus Disease.

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) storm associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is a potentially fatal complication; the correlation of these 2 disorders, however, has not been well studied. This retrospective case series examined outcomes of 2 patients who were admitted for repeated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks with or without syncope and observed to have VT/VF storms with COVID-19. Mechanisms of VT/VF storms in COVID-19 are multifactorial including myocarditis, systemic inflammation, hyperadrenergic state, hemodynamic instability, hypoxia, acidosis, and proarrhythmic drugs.

A metacognitive confidence calibration (MCC) tool to help medical students scaffold diagnostic reasoning in decision-making during high-fidelity patient simulations.

The purpose of this study was to ) help novice students scaffold problem-solving and engage safely in the deliberate practice of diagnostic reasoning and medical decision-making in real time; ) assess how accurately students gather and apply data in medical reasoning and treatment during high-fidelity patient simulations (HFPSs); ) identify students' scientific misconceptions related to the case; ) promote student metacognitive processing, self-assessment, and self-efficacy; and ) facilitate the explicit calibration of student confidence in deliberate reasoning with patient outcomes. In a mixed-method design, a metacognitive calibration self-assessing (MCC) survey tool was applied to HFPS ( = 80, 20 teams of 6 medical students) and semistructured interviews were conducted with faculty ( = 5). When scored by faculty with a rubric, the mean student accuracy ranged from 23% to 74%, whereas their self-assessment of confidence ranged from 71% to 86%.

Multimodal Imaging Characterization of a Congenital Multilobular Interventricular Membranous Septal Aneurysm in a Patient Presenting with Embolic Stroke.

• TTE is often performed to search for cardiac sources of emboli. • TTE must be comprehensive and assess the atria, valves, and ventricles. • TTE can be utilized to identify IVMSA as a rare cause of recurrent strokes.

STAT3 Activates the Pentraxin 3 Gene in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells.

Pentraxin-related protein 3 (PTX3), commonly produced by myeloid and endothelial cells, is a humoral pattern recognition protein of the innate immune system. Because PTX3 plasma levels of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are high and most circulating cells in patients with CLL are CLL cells, we reasoned that CLL cells produce PTX3. Western immunoblotting revealed that low-density cells from seven of seven patients with CLL produce high levels of PTX3, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the PTX3-producing cells are B lymphocytes coexpressing CD19 and CD5, and confocal microscopy showed that PTX3 is present in the cytoplasm of CLL cells.

An Analysis of Anki Usage and Strategy of First-Year Medical Students in a Structure and Function Course.

It is well known that undergraduate medical education demands learners to master large amounts of material. To help cope with learning, medical students have resorted to e-learning resources that include video lectures, visual mnemonics, and flashcard systems. The purpose of the current study was to determine the usage of Anki (Damien Elmes, https://apps.

Exploring students' [pre-pandemic] use and the impact of commercial-off-the-shelf learning platforms on students' national licensing exam performance: A focused review - BEME Guide No. 72.

Background: Commercial-off-the-shelf learning platforms developed for medical education (herein referred to as MedED-COTS) have emerged as a resource used by a majority of medical students to prepare for licensing examinations. As MedED-COTS proliferate and include more functions and features, there is a need for an up-to-date review to inform medical educators on (a) students' use of MedED-COTS outside the formal medical school curriculum, (b) the integration of MedED-COTS into the formal curriculum, and (c) the potential effects of MedED-COTS usage on students' national licensing exam scores in the USA.

Methods: Due to the limited number of studies published on either the use or integration of MedED-COTS, a focused review of literature was conducted to guide future research and practice.

South Asian-Specific Deletion Carriers Display Hypercontraction and Impaired Diastolic Function Under Exercise Stress.

A 25-base pair (25bp) intronic deletion in the gene enriched in South Asians (SAs) is a risk allele for late-onset left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, hypertrophy, and heart failure (HF) with several forms of cardiomyopathy. However, the effect of this variant on exercise parameters has not been evaluated. As a pilot study, 10 asymptomatic SA carriers of the variant (52.

Comparison of transvalvular flow rate in aortic stenosis subtypes.

Objectives: Evaluate ET and TVFR in normal patients, PLFLGAS, LGLFAS, and classic pre and post TAVR.

Background: Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is defined echocardiographically. Generating a pressure gradient to meet diagnostic criteria is dependent on left ventricular contractility, stroke volume, and ejection time.

Thinking Slow More Quickly: Development of Integrated Illness Scripts to Support Cognitively Integrated Learning and Improve Clinical Decision-Making.

Illness scripts describe the mental model used by experienced clinicians to store and recall condition-specific knowledge when making clinical decisions. Studies demonstrate that novice clinicians struggle to develop and apply strong illness scripts. We developed the Integrated Illness Script and Mechanism of Disease (IIS-MOD) map framework to address this challenge.

A low voltage activated Ca current found in a subset of human ventricular myocytes.

Low voltage activated (I) calcium currents including Cav1.3 and T-type calcium current (I) have not been reported in adult human left ventricular myocytes (HLVMs). We tried to examine their existence and possible correlation with etiology and patient characteristics in a big number of human LVMs isolated from explanted terminally failing (F) hearts, failing hearts with left ventricular assist device (F-LVAD) and nonfailing (NF) human hearts.

Laser-assisted treatment of peri-implantitis: a retrospective cohort study.

The intent of this study was to provide a retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes of 222 consecutive patients with 437 implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis and treated with the LAPIP protocol. All patients treated with LAPIP therapy at this practice were included. The primary outcome variable studied was probing depth (PD), and secondary variables were erythema, bleeding on probing, and suppuration.

STAT3-Induced Wnt5a Provides Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells with Survival Advantage.

The wingless and integration site growth factor-5a (Wnt5a) is a ligand of the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor-1 (ROR1). Because both Wnt5a and ROR1 are expressed in circulating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, and because in other cell types, STAT3, which is constitutively activated in CLL, induces Wnt5a signaling, we wondered whether STAT3 induces the expression of Wnt5a in CLL cells. Sequence analysis detected four putative STAT3 binding sites in close proximity to the Wnt5a gene promoter's start codon.