Pseudophakic macular edema in nondiabetic and diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant during a 12-month period in nondiabetic and diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) as a treatment for refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) following prior treatment with topical nepafenac 0.1% and prednisolone 1%.

Methods: Forty-two consecutive medical records of patients diagnosed with PCME after uneventful cataract surgery were included.

In vivo study to assess dosage of allogeneic pig retinal progenitor cells: Long-term survival, engraftment, differentiation and safety.

Despite notable efforts and significant therapeutical advances, age-related macular degeneration remains the single most common reason for vision loss. Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are considered promising candidates for cellular treatments that repair and restore vision. In this allogenic study, the phenotypic profile of pig and human RPCs derived using similar manufacturing processes is compared.

A bullous variant of central serous chorioretinopathy treated with oral spironolactone.

We report the case of a 39-year-old male patient who presented with visual loss in the right eye for 6 weeks. The best-corrected visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. The fundus examination demonstrated a right retinal detachment inferiorly extending to the fovea and a left macular serous detachment.

Analysis of cytokines in the aqueous humor during intravitreal Ranibizumab treatment of diabetic macular edema.

This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of VEGF, b-FGF, TNF, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 in the aqueous humor of patients with diabetic macular edema with and without peripheral retinal ischemia and to ascertain the changes in the levels of these molecules during treatment with ranibizumab. A therapeutic, prospective, randomized interventional study was carried out. Twenty-four eyes from 24 patients were studied and divided into 3 groups.

Multimodal imaging in a patient with combined hamartoma of the retina and retina pigment epithelium.

Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium is a rare, benign intraocular tumor. Hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium has been described in the literature as a condition presenting with variable retinal damage, ranging from partial epiretinal involvement to complete distortion of the retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium. We report the case of an 8-year-old girl presenting with longstanding strabismus who was diagnosed with Hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium based on multimodal imaging assessment.

Retinal ischemia following mandible tumor treatment with steroid injection.

Central giant cell granuloma is a rare osseous tumor affecting young patients with anatomical and functional compromise of the maxilla and mandible. Steroid injection therapy constitutes a less invasive treatment modality for disease control in selected cases. Retinal ischemia is a reported complication of multiple medical procedures, including dental interventions, and may lead to loss of vision with poor prognosis.

Surgical results regarding the correction of macular hole with and without face-down posturing using 25% SF6 gas: a retrospective case series.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the anatomical success rates of vitrectomy and SF6 gas tamponade for macular hole surgery with and without postoperative face-down posturing.

Methods: This was an observational, longitudinal, and retrospective case series analysis. The study included 52 eyes from 52 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with trypan blue-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling and 25% SF6 tamponade for stages 2, 3, and 4 macular holes.

Pedicle internal limiting membrane flap technique for very large macular holes: a preliminary report.

Background: Conventional vitrectomy technique for macular hole surgery has a good outcome in small and medium macular holes, but for very large macular holes (minimum linear diameter higher than 700 μm) other techniques were developed aiming to achieve greater rates of closure and visual acuity gain. The purpose of this article is to report the anatomical and functional outcomes of four very large macular hole (MH) cases which have undergone vitrectomy with the pedicle internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique.

Methods: This is a retrospective series of four patients with large MH who were treated with vitrectomy and the pedicle ILM flap technique.

In vivo and in vitro toxicity evaluation of liposome-encapsulated sirolimus.

Background: To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of a new formulation of liposome-encapsulated sirolimus (LES).

Methods: In vitro experiments were done using ARPE-19 and HRP cells. An MTT assay was used to determine cell metabolic activity and a TUNEL assay for detecting DNA fragmentation.

Oct angiography compared to fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography in the detection of choroidal neovascularization in pigment epithelial detachment.

Purpose: To evaluate the agreement between multimodal imaging-MI (fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the detection of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with pigment epithelial detachment with subretinal/intraretinal fluid (PED+F) compared to patients with PED without subretinal/intraretinal fluid (PED-F).

Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 15 patients were divided into two groups (PED+F and PED-F). All patients underwent MI and OCTA with manual and automatic segmentation.

Retinal changes in rabbit after intravitreal injection of sunitinib encapsulated into solid lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanocapsules.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the safety of single intravitreal injection of each of two concentrations of 0.1 ml of sunitinib (1 and 10 mg/ml), 0.1 ml of a drug-free dispersion containing solid lipid nanoparticles, and 0.

Benign familial fleck retina: multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography.

This report presents multimodal imaging of a 27-year-old woman diagnosed with benign familial fleck retina (OMIM 228980), an uncommon disorder. Fundus photographs revealed retinal flecks that affected her post-equatorial retina but spared the macular area. Fundus autofluorescence and infrared imaging demonstrated a symmetrical pattern of yellow-white fleck lesions that affected both eyes.

Diabetic retinopathy and OCT angiography: clinical findings and future perspectives.

In diabetic retinopathy (DR), macular involvement can present as either macular edema or ischemia. Fluorescein angiography remains the gold standard in the evaluation of retinal vascular perfusion and diagnosis of macular ischemia. However, it is a costly, time-consuming technique, it requires venipuncture, and reports of anaphylaxis and death related to fluorescein injections have been documented, despite their rarity.

Diabetic Macular Ischemia Diagnosis: Comparison between Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Fluorescein Angiography.

. To compare fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) with and without diabetic macular ischemia (DMI). .

Dexamethasone 0.7 mg implants in the management of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is a common complication following cataract surgery. Although majority of patients with PCME remain asymptomatic, it remains an important cause of vision loss after cataract surgery. The pathogenesis of PCME remains unclear, but most authors agree that inflammation plays a major role in its development.

Initial experience with ocriplasmin in the treatment of vitreomacular traction.

This study aimed to report the clinical and structural outcomes of intravitreal ocriplasmin in the treatment of vitreomacular interface disorders in two tertiary centers in Brazil. A retrospective study was performed by reviewing medical records and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings of seven patients who were treated with a single ocriplasmin injection. A total of 57.

Hemorrhagic retinopathy in an infant with hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

We describe the case of a 23-month-old female infant with a diagnosis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic retinopathy. The patient had a past history of abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and acute renal failure. On ophthalmologic examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed extensive areas of flame-shaped hemorrhage, cotton wool spots, macular edema and optic nerve head neovascularization in both eyes.

Transient spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in classic MEWDS: a case report.

The purpose of this study was to describe a patient with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) who presented with classic retinal findings and transient changes in outer retinal anatomy. A 20-year-old man presented with mild blurred vision in the left eye, reporting flu-like symptoms 1 week before the visual symptoms started. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed foveal granularity and multiple scattered spots deep to the retina in the posterior pole.

Intravitreal bevacizumab combined with infliximab in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration: case report series.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of the combined use of bevacizumab (Avastin®) and combined with infliximab (Remicade®) in the treatment of naive choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration eyes.

Methods: Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab combined with infliximab in 6 neovascular age-related macular degeneration eyes. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination on the initial visit and at days 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 following the first injection.

Correlation between central subfield thickness, visual acuity and structural changes in diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To correlate the central subfield thickness (CST) measured by Cirrus™ SD-OCT with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and structural changes in diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: The transversal study evaluated 200 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and selected 55 eyes with DME between January, 2010 and April, 2011. Spectral domain OCT was performed in patients with type 2 diabetes and DME.

[A safety study of retinal toxicity after serial intravitreal injections of infliximab in rabbits eyes].

Purpose: To determine retinal and choroid toxicity levels of two and three infliximab intravitreous injections in albino rabbits by means of electroretinographic, histological and ophthalmological clinical tests.

Methods: 12 albino rabbits were used in the study. Each eye was given two (n=10 eyes) or three (n=10 eyes) serial intravitreous 2 mg infliximab injections dissolved in 0.

[Retinal manifestations in patients with sickle cell disease referred to a University Eye Hospital].

Purpose: To identify retinal manifestations in patients with sickle cell disease referred to a reference eye hospital in Goiânia (GO).

Methods: Ophthalmic evaluation was made in 50 patients (100 eyes) with sickle cell disease to evaluate the most common manifestations of this group.

Results: Hemoglobinopathy SS was the most commonly found, followed by hemoglobin SC, AS and Stahl.

Comparing intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab injections for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema: a randomized double-blind study.

Purpose: To compare the effect of a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab in reducing macular thickness, which was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Methods:   The patients received a single intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab in one randomly selected eye and 4.

[Macular crystalline dystrophy in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: case report].

Presentation of a case of crystalline macular distrophy diagnosed in a female patient with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. The disease consists of clinical findings of spastic diplegia or tetraplegia, mental retardation, and congential ichthyosis. The eyes are affected in up to 100% of cases, and crystalline maculopathy is the main finding as described in this case report.