Quantifying Surgeon Intuition Using a Judgment Analysis Model: Surgeon Accuracy of Predicting Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Is Moderate at Best.

Purpose: To quantify surgeon intuition, determine whether a surgeon's prediction of outcomes after hip arthroscopy correlates with actual patient-reported outcomes (PRO), and identify differences in clinical judgment between expert and novice examiners.

Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study was conducted at an academic medical center on adults undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for treatment of femoroacetabular impingement. A Surgeon Intuition and Prediction (SIP) score was completed preoperatively by an attending surgeon (expert) and physician assistant (novice).

TLR-4 Agonist Induces IFN-γ Production Selectively in Proinflammatory Human M1 Macrophages through the PI3K-mTOR- and JNK-MAPK-Activated p70S6K Pathway.

IFN-γ, a proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T cells and NK cells, activates macrophages and engages mechanisms to control pathogens. Although there is evidence of IFN-γ production by murine macrophages, IFN-γ production by normal human macrophages and their subsets remains unknown. Herein, we show that human M1 macrophages generated by IFN-γ and IL-12- and IL-18-stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages (M0) produce significant levels of IFN-γ.

Solvent-free production of thermoplastic lignocellulose from wood pulp by reactive extrusion.

A novel acylation approach suited to rapid bulk thermoplasticization of lignocellulose without solvents was previously demonstrated by the authors in benchtop batch studies. The method relies upon a benzethonium chloride/sulfuric acid functionalizing agent at low concentrations to act as a wetting agent for the wood pulp, similar to an ionic liquid, yet binds to the lignocellulose ester as a flow aid in the final thermoplastic. The present investigation evaluates the approach in a residence time-limited (45-90 s) continuous twin-screw reactor, where intensive mixing and heat were found to yield high acylation.

Threshold Values for Success After Hip Arthroscopy Using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Assessment: Determining the Minimum Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State.

Background: Threshold values for patient-reported outcome measures, such as the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS), are important for relating postoperative outcomes to meaningful functional improvement.

Purpose: To determine the PASS and MCID after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaire.

Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

The failure of Haemonchus contortus excretory/secretory products to stimulate gastrin secretion in vitro.

Excretory/secretory (ES) products collected from exsheathed L3 or parasitic stages of Haemonchus contortus were tested in vitro for gastrin stimulatory properties using an ovine abomasal antral mucosal preparation. In addition, the motility of exsheathed L3 and parasites recovered on weeks 2, 6 and 8 post-infection was studied in water, saline, saline with glucose or ovine blood and in HBSS pH 2.5-7.