Effectiveness of training before unsedated MRI scans in young children: a randomized control trial.

Background: Young children requiring clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be given general anesthesia. General anesthesia has potential side effects, is costly, and introduces logistical challenges. Thus, methods that allow children to undergo awake MRI scans are desirable.

Pediatric Airway Management in COVID-19 Patients: Consensus Guidelines From the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia's Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) pandemic has challenged medical systems and clinicians globally to unforeseen levels. Rapid spread of COVID-19 has forced clinicians to care for patients with a highly contagious disease without evidence-based guidelines. Using a virtual modified nominal group technique, the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative (PeDI-C), which currently includes 35 hospitals from 6 countries, generated consensus guidelines on airway management in pediatric anesthesia based on expert opinion and early data about the disease.

Safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid in bleeding paediatric trauma patients: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Trauma is the leading cause of death among children aged 1-18. Studies indicate that better control of bleeding could potentially prevent 10-20% of trauma-related deaths. The antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TxA) has shown promise in haemorrhage control in adult trauma patients.

Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in the fasted pediatric patient undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: development of a predictive model using endoscopically suctioned volumes.

Background: Aspiration of gastric contents can be a serious anesthetic-related complication. Gastric antral sonography prior to anesthesia may have a role in identifying pediatric patients at risk of aspiration. We examined the relationship between sonographic antral area and endoscopically suctioned gastric volumes, and whether a 3-point qualitative grading system is applicable in pediatric patients.

Effect of dexamethasone on postoperative morbidity after dental rehabilitation in children.

Purpose: Dexamethasone reduces postoperative morbidity after adenotonsillectomy, strabismus surgery, and third molar extraction. Our hypothesis was that dexamethasone would reduce pain and other morbidity in children undergoing dental surgery for up to 24 hr postoperatively.

Methods: A triple-blinded, randomized, controlled trial was carried out on 200 children undergoing prolonged dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia.

Evidence-based clinical update: Which local anesthetic drug for pediatric caudal block provides optimal efficacy with the fewest side effects?

Purpose: The purpose of this evidence-based clinical update is to identify the best evidence when selecting a long-acting local anesthetic agent for single-shot pediatric caudal anesthesia in children.

Methods: A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed and Medline (OVID) using the terms "caudal" and combinations of at least two of "bupivacaine", "ropivacaine", and "levobupivacaine". The search limits included "randomized controlled trials" (RCTs), "meta-analysis", "evidence-based reviews" or "reviews", "human", and "all child: 0-18 yr".

The effects of parental presence in the postanesthetic care unit on children's postoperative behavior: a prospective, randomized, controlled study.

Background: The effects on children of parental presence in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) have not been extensively studied. The few published studies are retrospective, nonrandomized, or lack adequate controls. They suggest that parental presence in the PACU decreases crying and negative behavior change postoperatively.

Comparison of laryngeal mask airway (LMA)- Proseal and the LMA-Classic in ventilated children receiving neuromuscular blockade.

Purpose: To determine whether a functional difference exists between the size 2 laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-Classic (CLMA) and LMA-Proseal (PLMA) in anesthetized children who have received neuromuscular blockade. Airway leak during intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and adequacy of fibreoptic laryngeal view were the primary study outcomes.

Methods: A randomized, controlled, single-blinded study of 51 ASA I or II children weighing 10-20 kg was undertaken.

Delayed rises in serum S100B levels and adverse neurological outcome in infants and children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Background: The protein S100B is a marker of brain injury. Early after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), serum S100B levels are artefactually high. We investigated whether delayed (48 h) rise in S100B levels may have a role in detecting brain injury after CPB.