Lethrus (Heteroplistodus) kucerai (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae), a new species from China.

Lethrus (Heteroplistodus) kucerai Hillert, Král & Bagaturov, new species, from Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi provinces of China is described. Relevant diagnostic characters (e.g.

Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae).

The Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 are revised using a combination of chromosome analysis, molecular phylogenetics and morphological statistical analysis. Sixteen species are recognised, one of which is shown to comprise two subspecies. Based mainly on the morphology of the aedeagal endophallus and the phylogenetic analysis, they are placed in two groups: the.

Are vipers prototypic fear-evoking snakes? A cross-cultural comparison of Somalis and Czechs.

Snakes are known as highly fear-evoking animals, eliciting preferential attention and fast detection in humans. We examined the human fear response to snakes in the context of both current and evolutionary experiences, conducting our research in the cradle of humankind, the Horn of Africa. This region is characterized by the frequent occurrence of various snake species, including deadly venomous viperids (adders) and elapids (cobras and mambas).

The bigger the threat, the longer the gaze? A cross-cultural study of Somalis and Czechs.

High fear reaction, preferential attention, or fast detection are only a few of the specific responses which snakes evoke in humans. Previous research has shown that these responses are shared amongst several distinct cultures suggesting the evolutionary origin of the response. However, populations from sub-Saharan Africa have been largely missing in experimental research focused on this issue.

Resurrection of Oxythyrea abigailoides Mikšić, 1978 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) based on new morphological, morphometrical and molecular data.

Oxythyrea abigailoides Mikšić, 1978, resurrected species, is removed from synonymy with Oxythyrea dulcis Reitter, 1899 and regarded as a separate species. The differential diagnosis of both species is presented on the basis of clearly different morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. Complete chresonomy to both species is given and known geographical distribution to date is summarized and mapped.

Animals evoking fear in the Cradle of Humankind: snakes, scorpions, and large carnivores.

Theories explain the presence of fears and specific phobias elicited by animals in contemporary WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations by their evolutionary past in Africa. Nevertheless, empirical data about fears of animals in the Cradle of Humankind are still fragmentary. To fill this gap, we examined which local animals are perceived as the most frightening by Somali people, who inhabit a markedly similar environment and the region where humans have evolved.

 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae), a new species from Somaliland.

Bezděk & Sehnal, , from Somaliland is described and relevant diagnostic characters are illustrated. The new species is compared with the morphologically closely similar Kolbe, 1894 species. An updated checklist and an identification key to northeastern African species are provided.

Do Spiders Ride on the Fear of Scorpions? A Cross-Cultural Eye Tracking Study.

Deep fear of spiders is common in many countries, yet its origin remains unexplained. In this study, we tested a hypothesis based on recent studies suggesting that fear of spiders might stem from a generalized fear of chelicerates or fear of scorpions. To this end, we conducted an eye tracking experiment using a spontaneous gaze preference paradigm, with spiders and scorpions (previously neglected but crucial stimuli) as threatening stimuli and grasshoppers as control stimuli.

Bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: With regards to the anatomical relationships in the mouth, oral squamous cell carcinoma can invade the maxilla or the mandible. According to the TNM system, tumours that invade through cortical bone are classified as T4a, stage IVA. Bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma most often occurs in tumours close to the bone or in larger and more advanced tumours.

Importance of evaluation of bone invasion type in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Aims: The objective of this study was to compare bone invasion type with histopathological, clinical and immunohistochemical prognostic factors.

Methods: The study included 49 patients who were treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Of which, 30 patients, with presence of bone invasion on histopathology, were divided according to the type of bone invasion (erosive, infiltrative, mixed).

Airapus rakovici (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini), a new species from Fujian, China.

The genus Airapus Stebnicka Howden, 1996 currently comprises 26 extant species distributed in the Australian and Oriental zoogeographical regions (Stebnicka Howden 1996; Stebnicka 1998, 2009; Rakovič et al. 2019; Král et al. 2019; Minkina 2020) and one fossil species from the Eocene Baltic amber (Tamutis et al.

Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) zagrosensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae), a new species from Iran, along with an updated key to the western Palaearctic species of the subgenus.

Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) zagrosensis Sommer, Hillert, Hrůzová Král, new species, from Iran is described, illustrated and compared with its congeners known from the western Palaearctic region. An updated key to the western Palaearctic species of the nominotypical subgenus is provided. New country record of B.

The taxonomic status of Aphodius insperatus Petrovitz, A. longipennis Rakovič and A. inylchekensis Frolov (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae).

The subgenus Bodilus Mulsant Rey, 1870 of the genus Aphodius Helwig, 1798 sensu lato comprises 30 species in the Palearctic fauna (Frolov 2001, 2002, Dellacasa et al. 2016 [treated as genus Bodilus]). Frolov (2001) reviewed the species of this subgenus from Russia and adjacent countries and suggested that the monotypic subgenus Paramelinopterus Rakovič, 1984 shares the main diagnostic characters of Bodilus.

The genus Ceratophyus Fischer von Waldheim, 1824 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) in China, along with description of a new species.

Ceratophyus amdoensis Král Jákl, new species from Gansu and Qinghai Provinces of China is described, illustrated and compared with its congeners so far known from China and adjacent countries. A key to identification of males of Chinese species of Ceratophyus Fischer von Waldheim, 1824 is provided. Ceratophyus polyceros (Pallas, 1771) is excluded from the fauna of China.

Description of sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) from continental Southeast Asia using synchrotron to illustrate the aedeagus.

A new species, Lu & Zorn, , is described from China, Laos, and Vietnam. Additionally, we used synchrotron (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) to scan the aedeagus. The virtual 3D model of the aedeagus is reconstructed and provided.

Lethrus (Lethrus) thracicus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), a new species from the European part of Turkey.

Lethrus (Lethrus) thracicus Král Hillert, new species, from Thrace, north-western Turkey is described. The new species is compared with the morphologically similar species L. (L.

sp. n. from the Cape Verde Islands (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Glaresidae).

from the Cape Verde Islands (Boa Vista Island) is described and its diagnostic characters are illustrated. The new species is compared with similar and probably closely related species Scholtz, 1983. The differential diagnosis is mainly based on the different shape of meso- and metatibiae.

An unusual new species of the genus Paulianellus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) from Yunnan, China.

The genus Paulianellus was erected by Balthasar (1938) as a subgenus of the genus Aphodius Hellwig, 1798 for a single species, Aphodius maderi Balthasar, 1938 from Sichuan.

Ahermodontus bischoffi-rediscovery of an endemic dung beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) in Albania after more than 80 years.

The genus Ahermodontus Báguena, 1930 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) is currently comprised of three species: A. marini Báguena, 1930 and A. ambrosi (Pardo Alcaide, 1936) from southern Spain and Morocco and A.

Phylogeography and DNA-based species delimitation provide insight into the taxonomy of the polymorphic rose chafer Protaetia (Potosia) cuprea species complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in the Western Palearctic.

The development of modern methods of species delimitation, unified under the "integrated taxonomy" approach, allows a critical examination and re-evaluation of complex taxonomic groups. The rose chafer Protaetia (Potosia) cuprea is a highly polymorphic species group with a large distribution range. Despite its overall commonness, its taxonomy is unclear and subject to conflicting hypotheses, most of which largely fail to account for its evolutionary history.

A second species of Cheleion from Johor, Malaysia (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae, Stereomerini).

A new species of the genus Cheleion Vårdal & Forshage, 2010, Cheleion jendeki sp. n., from Johor, Malaysia is described, illustrated and compared with the type species of the genus, Cheleion malayanum Vårdal & Forshage, 2010.

The classification and phylogenetic status of Jekelius (Reitterius) punctulatus (Jekel, 1866) and Jekelius (Jekelius) brullei (Jekel, 1866) (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) using molecular data.

The phylogenetic placement of Jekelius brullei (Jekel, 1866) and J. punctulatus (Jekel, 1866) (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) was assessed using mitochondrial and nuclear molecular data to discern contrasting nomenclatural views provided by López-Colón (1996) and the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Löbl et al. 2006).