HIV Viral Dynamics of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy as Second-Line Treatment: A Prospective, Single-Arm Trial.

Background: Characterizing viral response to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy as second-line treatment may guide recommendations for resource-limited settings (RLS).

Methods: We conducted a 48-week prospective, single-arm study of LPV/r monotherapy in patients failing first-line therapy in Nigeria. The primary outcome was sustained HIV-1 viral load (VL) <400 copies/mL at 48 weeks.

Reactivation of coccidioidomycosis despite antifungal prophylaxis in solid organ transplant recipients.

Background: Coccidioidomycosis is an airborne infection caused by the fungus Coccidioides, which is endemic to the southwestern United States. Cell-mediated immunity is required for the control of this infection, and some patients such as organ transplant recipients, who lack such immunity, have a high risk of severe, disseminated, or relapsed infection with high mortality. Previously latent coccidioidal infection can reactivate after transplantation.

Coccidioides fungemia in six patients, with a review of the literature.

To identify demographics, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of patients with Coccidioides fungemia, we searched our institutional medical records to identify patients with Coccidioides fungemia treated between 1998 and 2008 and conducted a comprehensive search of the medical literature to identify previously reported cases. Coccidioides fungemia is an uncommon manifestation of coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides sp. endemic to the southwestern United States.