Publications by authors named "David Kaelber"
RSV vaccine clinical trials reported higher frequencies of atrial fibrillation in intervention groups compared to control. In this large, population-based, propensity-matched study, we found RSV vaccine was not associated with increased risk of new-onset or recurrent atrial fibrillation within 1-42 days compared to influenza or Tdap vaccines.
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- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) primarily affects overweight or obese women of reproductive age, making it crucial to investigate its relationship with pregnancy.
- A study examined the incidence of IIH development during pregnancy and its association with hypertensive disorders, finding that 7% of IIH patients experienced new onset IIH during their pregnancies.
- IIH patients had significantly higher risks for various hypertensive disorders like eclampsia, preeclampsia, and HELLP syndrome, as well as complications like ectopic pregnancies and miscarriages, even when controlling for obesity and migraine factors.
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- Amphetamine-type stimulants are widely used illicit drugs, and there's currently no FDA-approved treatment for related disorders, prompting researchers to explore repurposing existing drugs, particularly through AI models.
- The study identified ketamine as a promising candidate for treating amphetamine-type stimulant use disorders and conducted research using electronic health records to assess its effectiveness.
- Results indicated that ketamine was associated with a higher rate of remission in patients with amphetamine-type stimulant use disorders compared to other treatments, targeting specific neurological pathways linked to addiction.
The study was aimed at comparing intrapartum and postpartum outcomes between pregnant patients with and without antenatal COVID-19 infection using aggregated, deidentified electronic health record (EHR) data. This retrospective cohort study included data from over 80 health care organizations within the TriNetX Analytics Research Network. Individuals admitted for delivery from Jan 2020 to May 2023 were studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Recent research suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients; however, research into their benefits for elderly Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients remains limited.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between SSRIs therapy and the mortality risk after COVID-19 infection in elderly patients with and without AD.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study leveraged a large database containing over 100 million electronic health records in the US from the TriNetX platform to compare the hazard rates of mortality after COVID-19 infection in elderly AD patients prescribed SSRIs versus propensity-score matched individuals prescribed other antidepressants.
Importance: Racial disparities have been identified in pediatric community-acquired acute kidney injury (CA-AKI), and they are associated with increased risk of child mortality, morbidity, and progression of kidney disease.
Objective: To assess clinical outcomes at 1 year among children with CA-AKI, stratified by age, race, and ethnicity.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study is a population-based analysis of deidentified, aggregated electronic health record data collected by 61 large health care organizations from 2003 to 2023 and accessed through the TriNetX platform.
The Epidemiology of Pediatric Shoulder Dislocations in the United States.
J Pediatr Orthop
October 2024
Background: Shoulder dislocations are the most common of all major joint dislocations and are a frequent cause of emergency department (ED) presentations. While the epidemiology of shoulder dislocations has been characterized in adults, it has not yet been done for children in the United States. The primary goal of this study was to calculate the incidence rate of pediatric shoulder dislocations in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, protects against neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. However, real-world evidence for its ability to protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) is lacking.
Methods: We conducted emulation target trials based on a nationwide database of electronic health records (EHRs) of 116 million US patients.
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- The study investigates the link between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and pancreatic cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, focusing on factors like obesity and smoking.
- It involved over 1.6 million patients and found that those using GLP-1RAs had a significantly lower incidence of pancreatic cancer compared to those using other diabetes medications, especially in patients with obesity and smoking issues.
- The findings suggest that GLP-1RAs could reduce pancreatic cancer risk, and the combination therapies were more effective than single drug therapies; however, further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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- Diagnoses of new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children after COVID-19 infection were studied to see if they were more common than after other respiratory infections.
- The study analyzed health records of over 600,000 pediatric patients aged 10-19, revealing a significant increase in T2D diagnoses within six months post-COVID-19 compared to those with other respiratory infections.
- Specifically, the risk ratios (RR) showed that children infected with COVID-19 had a heightened risk of T2D, particularly noticeable in those with overweight/obesity and those who were hospitalized.
Background And Aims: The ongoing antimicrobial resistant crisis heralds the need for new therapeutics against enteric infection. In mouse models, colon epithelial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) signaling limits oxygen and nitrate luminal bioavailability, thereby preventing bacterial pathogen colonization. However, whether this mechanism operates similarly in humans remains uncertain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Monocyte Distribution Width (MDW) in predicting sepsis outcomes in emergency department (ED) patients compared to other hematologic parameters and vital signs, and to determine whether routine parameters could substitute MDW in machine learning models.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 10,229 ED patients admitted to a large regional safety-net hospital in Cleveland, Ohio who had suspected infections and developed sepsis-associated poor outcomes. We developed a new analytical framework consisting of seven data models and an ensemble of high accuracy machine learning (ML) algorithms (accuracy values ranging from 0.
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- A study was conducted to evaluate the endoscopic outcomes in adults without diabetes who are on glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) compared to those not using these medications.
- Researchers analyzed data from a group of adults with a BMI of 27 or higher who underwent diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to determine any significant differences in outcomes.
- The results showed no significant difference in the rates of repeat EGD or new diagnoses of gastroparesis between those taking GLP-1 RAs and those who were not, suggesting that these medications may not greatly increase the risk for these outcomes.
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- The study aimed to analyze racial and ethnic disparities in the prescription of Netarsudil, a newer anti-glaucoma medication, among patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in the U.S.! -
- Utilizing electronic health records from 92 million patients, the research revealed that White patients received more prescriptions of Netarsudil compared to Black and Hispanic patients, particularly in certain U.S. regions like the Midwest and South.! -
- The findings highlighted significant differences in medication access based on race, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the root causes of these disparities and to promote equitable healthcare for all glaucoma patients.!
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- The study utilized a large database to analyze the effects of serotonergic antidepressants on patient outcomes after anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS) through a matching technique to control for various factors.
- It found that the use of SSRIs and SNRIs was linked to increased rates of hematoma formation and higher emergency department visits within 30 and 90 days post-surgery.
- The results suggest that patients on these medications may face more complications after ACSS, indicating potential risks in their perioperative management.
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- Research highlights a critical gap in understanding long COVID (PASC) in children and emphasizes the need for studies that define its characteristics in this age group.
- The objective is to identify common prolonged symptoms in children aged 6 to 17 post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, examining differences between school-age kids and adolescents, as well as potential symptom clusters for future research.
- A multicenter study involved nearly 5,000 participants, revealing that certain symptoms were significantly more prevalent in those with a history of COVID-19 compared to those without.
The incidence of low serum testosterone has been increasing in men of all ages across a period which also corresponds to an increasing prevalence of kidney stones. Currently, the relationship between testosterone and kidney stones is unclear. Using the TriNetX Research Network, we performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the risk of developing an initial kidney stone in men based on their total testosterone level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIBD patients have a 4.04-fold elevated likelihood of having CRS compared to non-IBD patients. CRS patients have a 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Reports of reduced desire to smoke in patients treated with semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, have raised interest about its potential benefit for tobacco use disorders (TUDs).
Objective: To examine the association of semaglutide with TUD-related health care measures in patients with comorbid T2DM and TUD.
Design: Emulation target trial based on a nationwide population-based database of patient electronic health records.