Anatomic double-bundle revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery using fresh-frozen allograft tissue.

Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction presents many technical considerations not seen in primary ACL reconstruction. A variety of allograft options are available for use during revision ACL reconstruction, including bone-patella tendon-bone, calcaneus-Achilles tendon, and all soft-tissue grafts. Anatomic double-bundle ACL technique improves knee kinematics and provides the rotatory stability necessary to return to ACL-dependent activities.

The biomechanical properties of the finger metacarpophalangeal joints to varus and valgus stress.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the normal biomechanical properties of the passive capsuloligamentous structures about the finger metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints subjected to dynamic varus/valgus loading and to equate these findings to the clinical situation.

Methods: The finger MCP joints from 9 fresh-frozen cadaver hands were tested in a custom-designed testing apparatus that applied a varus/valgus force in each direction. Testing was performed at 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees of MCP joint flexion.