Publications by authors named "David Johanson"
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) account for approximately 5% of the adult brain and have been historically studied for their role in myelination. In the adult brain, OPCs maintain their proliferative capacity and ability to differentiate into oligodendrocytes throughout adulthood, even though relatively few mature oligodendrocytes are produced post-developmental myelination. Recent work has begun to demonstrate that OPCs likely perform multiple functions in both homeostasis and disease and can significantly impact behavioral phenotypes such as food intake and depressive symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe gut microbiome is known to be sensitive to changes in the immune system, especially during autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Our study examines the changes to the gut microbiome that occur during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. We collected fecal samples at key stages of EAE progression and quantified microbial abundances with 16S V3-V4 amplicon sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroglia, resident immune cells of the CNS, are thought to defend against infections. Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic infection that can cause severe neurological disease. Here we report that during T.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) account for about 5% of total brain and spinal cord cells, giving rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes that provide electrical insulation to neurons of the CNS. OPCs have also recently been shown to regulate inflammatory responses and glial scar formation, suggesting functions that extend beyond myelination. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifaceted phagocytic receptor that is highly expressed in several CNS cell types, including OPCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLRP1 expression in microglia is protective during CNS autoimmunity.
Acta Neuropathol Commun
July 2016
Article Synopsis
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the autoimmune attack on myelin in the central nervous system, with T cells playing a significant role in its pathology, but the role of myeloid cells is less understood.
- The study highlights the importance of Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in MS, showing that LRP1 levels are higher in MS lesions and that its deletion in microglia worsens disease progression in animal models.
- LRP1 appears to help maintain a protective, anti-inflammatory state in microglia by inhibiting the activation of NF-kB, which may explain increased inflammation and disease severity when LRP1 is absent.
Objective: Laser phototherapy has been widely used to relieve pain for more than 30 years, but its efficacy remains controversial. To ascertain the overall effect of phototherapy on pain, we aggregated the literature and subjected the studies to statistical meta-analysis.
Methods: Relevant original studies were gathered from every available source and coded.
Objective: The effect of phototherapy on tissue repair was determined by aggregating the literature and using statistical meta-analysis to analyze pertinent studies published between 2000 and 2007.
Background Data: Phototherapy has been used for more than 40 y; however, its efficacy on tissue repair remains contentious.
Method: Related original studies were gathered from every available source.