Ethnic inequality in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated harm in New Zealand: A national population-based cohort study.

Purpose: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with many serious complications and they are widely used in New Zealand (NZ). However, differences in NSAID-associated risk for these complications between ethnic groups are largely unknown. We assessed ethnic disparities in risk of hospital admission for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), heart failure, and acute kidney failure (AKF) in NZ's primary care population prescribed and dispensed NSAIDs.

Trends in prescription medicine use by older people in New Zealand 2010- 2015: a national population-based study.

Background: Research investigating trends in the general prescription medicine use of older people in New Zealand is limited.

Aim: To examine trends in the use of outpatient medicines by older adults and assess changing patterns in use from 2010 to 2015.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study including all New Zealand primary care patients over 65 years of age utilising data from the national pharmaceutical claims database.

Immunosuppressives and enteral feeding tubes: An integrative review.

What Is Known And Objective: Immunosuppression is the main goal in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, and solid organ and tissue transplantation. However, due to a lack of liquid-form medications, it is challenging to achieve adequate immunosuppression when the patient is using enteral feeding tubes. It is necessary to transform solid oral medications into other forms for administration.

Trends in Outpatient Prescription Medicine Use in New Zealand Children 2010-2015: A National Population-Based Study.

Background: Research examining trends in the outpatient prescription medicine use of New Zealand children is limited.

Objectives: Our objective was to provide an overview of prescription medicine use in New Zealand children and assess changing patterns in use from 2010 to 2015.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all New Zealand primary care-registered children aged < 18 years using data from the national pharmaceutical claims database.

Understanding medicines with a propensity to increase the risk of heart failure: Combining existing knowledge with targeted population assessment.

Purpose: Existing knowledge of medicines that increase the risk of an adverse event may be corroborated and augmented by population studies specifically assessing the risk associated with the concurrent use of these medicines and use by patients with existing comorbidity. An American Heart Association review recently identified a variety of medicines that may cause or exacerbate heart failure (HF), many with evidence from limited evaluation of population data. We assessed the risk of first-time HF associated with the use of 50 of these medicines by New Zealand's primary care population.

Knowledge, skills and attitudes of hospital pharmacists in the use of information technology and electronic tools to support clinical practice: A Brazilian survey.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to identify the knowledge, skills and attitudes of Brazilian hospital pharmacists in the use of information technology and electronic tools to support clinical practice.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent by email to clinical pharmacists working public and private hospitals in Brazil. The instrument was validated using the method of Polit and Beck to determine the content validity index.

A Pharmacoepidemiology Database System for Monitoring Risk Due to the Use of Medicines by New Zealand Primary Care Patients.

Introduction: The use of large record-linked healthcare databases for drug safety research and surveillance is now accepted practice. New Zealand's standardized national healthcare datasets provide the potential to automate the conduct of pharmacoepidemiological studies to provide rapid validation of medicine safety signals.

Objectives: Our objectives were to describe the methodology undertaken by a semi-automated computer system developed to rapidly assess risk due to drug exposure in New Zealand's population of primary care patients and to compare results from three studies with previously published findings.

Central effects of lipoic acid associated with paroxetine in mice.

Antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are commonly prescribed for the treatment of affective disorders such as anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the central effects of acute administration of paroxetine (PXT) combined with lipoic acid (LA) on various behavioral models in mice. Paroxetine (10 and 20 mg/kg), LA (100 mg/kg), or vehicle was administered, intraperitoneally, 30 minutes before the tests.

Monocrotaline: histological damage and oxidant activity in brain areas of mice.

This work was designed to study MCT effect in histopathological analysis of hippocampus (HC) and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and in oxidative stress (OS) parameters in brain areas such as hippocampus (HC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and striatum (ST). Swiss mice (25-30 g) were administered a single i.p.

Oxidative stress and epilepsy: literature review.

Backgrounds: The production of free radicals has a role in the regulation of biological function, cellular damage, and the pathogenesis of central nervous system conditions. Epilepsy is a highly prevalent serious brain disorder, and oxidative stress is regarded as a possible mechanism involved in epileptogenesis. Experimental studies suggest that oxidative stress is a contributing factor to the onset and evolution of epilepsy.

Guarana: Paullinia cupana, P. sorbilis; also known as Brazilian cocoa and 'zoom'.

The main constituent of guarana is caffeine, with smaller quantities of theophylline and theobromine. There is no evidence that the berries or extracts contain anything else that is therapeutically useful.Guarana is associated with many therapeutic properties, but there is no evidence to support these other than effects that can be attributed to caffeine.

Reversal of cocaine withdrawal-induced anxiety by ondansetron, buspirone and propranolol.

Cocaine is used worldwide and considered a public health problem. Relapse from addiction is one of the difficulties faced by cocaine users, and in most cases according to the period of abstinence, users may present symptoms such as anxiety or depression. To evaluate the anxiety-like behavior induced by different periods, rats were treated for 7 days with cocaine 20 mg/kg, i.

Melatonin: pharmacological aspects and clinical trends.

Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, the major hormone produced by the pineal gland under the influence of the dark/light cycle, has been shown to have a large number of therapeutic possibilities. It has been utilized in several countries for circadian rhythm disorders, sleep disturbances, jet lag, and sleep-wake cycle disturbances in blind people, and shift workers. In our mechanism of act, the G(i) protein-coupled metabotropic melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 are the primary mediators of the physiological actions of melatonin.

Mechanisms involved in the gastroprotective activity of esculin on acute gastric lesions in mice.

This work describes the gastroprotective actions of esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin-6-o-glucoside) against indomethacin- or ethanol-induced lesions and verifies the role of nitric oxide, ATP-dependent K(+) channels, prostaglandins, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and antioxidant effects in the gastroprotective mechanism of esculin in the ethanol-induced gastric lesion model. The intragastric administration of esculin at doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg was able to protect the gastric mucosa against ethanol (0.