Unmasking lower gastrointestinal bleeding under administration of norepinephrine.

Background: Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is common and transarterial embolization enables the clinician to control gastrointestinal bleeding. Contrast extravasation is a prerequisite for successful embolization. Provocative angiography is helpful in the detection of elusive bleeding.

Endoscopic hemostasis makes the difference: Angiographic treatment in patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: The large majority of gastrointestinal bleedings subside on their own or after endoscopic treatment. However, a small number of these may pose a challenge in terms of therapy because the patients develop hemodynamic instability, and endoscopy does not achieve adequate hemostasis. Interventional radiology supplemented with catheter angiography (CA) and transarterial embolization have gained importance in recent times.

Endoscopic and angiographic management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding: Review of the published literature.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is common and occurs often in elderly patients. In rare cases it is associated with hemorrhagic shock. A large number of such bleedings, which are often caused by colon diverticula, subside spontaneously.

Retinal vessel metrics: normative data and their use in systemic hypertension: results from the Gutenberg Health Study.

Purpose Of Review: In-vivo measurement of retinal vascular calibers may be used as a tool to study the pathophysiology and clinical status of the microvasculature of the retina. The aim of this study was to generate normative data for retinal vessel parameters, and to evaluate the clinical relevance in systemic hypertension.

Methods: Fundus photographs from 4309 participants of the Gutenberg Health Study were assessed using the 'retinal vessel analyzer' software (IMEDOS).

Delayed hyper-reactivity to metal ions after cervical disc arthroplasty: a case report and literature review.

Study Design: Anecdotal case report.

Objective: To report a very interesting and perplexing complication of cervical total disc arthroplasty that has not been previously reported in literature.

Summary Of Background Data: Although there has been increasing interest in the field of artificial disc replacement to treat cervical degenerative disc disease, not much has been mentioned in the literature about the potential complications of the disc itself.