Impact of adherence to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting β-agonists on asthma outcomes in the United States.

Background: Suboptimal adherence to maintenance medication has been associated with poor outcomes in asthma. This study examined single-inhaler inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) adherence and asthma-related outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective observational study of patients with asthma initiating ICS/LABA used data from IQVIA PharMetrics Plus (1 January 2014-31 March 2019).

Symptom control in patients with asthma using inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting β-agonists (fluticasone furoate/vilanterol or budesonide/formoterol) in the US: a retrospective matched cohort study.

Objective: Treatment with fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI), an inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-agonist therapy, reduces the risk of severe asthma exacerbations and improves lung function and symptom control in patients with asthma. However, real-world data remain limited among asthma patients in the United States (US).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study propensity score (PS) matched adult asthma patients initiating once-daily FF/VI 100/25 mcg with patients initiating twice-daily budesonide/formoterol (B/F) 160/4.

Disease burden and treatment adherence among children and adolescent patients with asthma.

Objective: To assess asthma burden and medication adherence in a US de-identified patient level claims database.

Methods: This retrospective observational study used the IQVIA PHARMETRICS PLUS database to identify patients aged 5-17 years, diagnosed with asthma between 01/01/2012-09/30/2017 (asthma cohort), and those initiating treatment with twice-daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or twice-daily ICS/long-acting beta agonists (LABA) (treatment cohorts; index date = first dispensing). Patient characteristics, asthma medication, and healthcare resource utilization were assessed over a 12-month baseline period.

Real-world evidence: Patient views on asthma in respiratory specialist clinics in America.

Background: Approximately 30% to 50% of patients with moderate/severe asthma have inadequately controlled disease despite adherence to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β-agonist (LABA) therapy. Data on prevalence and burden of uncontrolled asthma in specialty settings are lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and burden of uncontrolled asthma in respiratory specialist clinics in the United States.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Depsipeptidic Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor via a Generalizable Approach Using an Optimized Latent Thioester Solid-Phase Linker.

We describe the synthesis of Xyzidepsin, a depsipeptidic analogue of HDAC inhibitor Romidepsin (FK228), using a solid-phase strategy. Our latent thioester solid-phase linker was synthesized in 92% yield (three steps). Chemoselective conditions unmasked the thioester functionality and cyclized the depsipeptidic macrocycle.

Slowed Diffusion and Excluded Volume Both Contribute to the Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Alcohol Dehydrogenase Steady-State Kinetics.

To understand the consequences of macromolecular crowding, studies have largely employed in vitro experiments with synthetic polymers assumed to be both pure and "inert". These polymers alter enzyme kinetics by excluding volume that would otherwise be available to the enzymes, substrates, and products. Presented here is evidence that other factors, in addition to excluded volume, must be considered in the interpretation of crowding studies with synthetic polymers.

Indazoles: regioselective protection and subsequent amine coupling reactions.

Indazoles are unselectively protected under strongly basic conditions to give a mixture at N-1 and N-2. Under mildly acidic conditions, regioselective protection at N-2 takes place. Thermodynamic conditions lead to regioselective protection at N-1.

Formal synthesis of 6-deoxyerythronolide B.

[reaction: see text] The enantioselective synthesis of the carbon skeleton of 6-deoxyerythronolide B has been achieved in 23 linear steps from propionaldehyde. The synthesis relies on an iterative approach employing an asymmetric acyl-thiazolidinethione propionate aldol reaction to establish eight of nine stereogenic centers. The remaining stereogenic center at C6 was set through a Myers alkylation employing a complex alkyl iodide.

Airway remodeling from bench to bedside: current perspectives.

Bronchospasm and airway inflammation can lead to a constellation of irreversible changes in airway structure termed remodeling. Remodeling theory offers insight into the permanent biomechanical and pathologic alterations of asthmatic airways. Structural changes seen in asthmatic patients can include thickening of the airway wall reticular basement membrane (RBM), the presence of an abnormal elastic fiber network, and alterations in airway cartilage structure.