Diabetes Risk Factors and Bone Microarchitecture as Assessed by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Adults With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To determine whether type 1 diabetes and its complications are associated with bone geometry and microarchitecture.

Research Design And Methods: This cross-sectional study was embedded in a long-term observational study. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans of the distal radius and distal and diaphyseal tibia were performed in a subset of 183 participants with type 1 diabetes from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study and 94 control participants without diabetes.

Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 2. Avulsion of Permanent Teeth.

Avulsion of permanent teeth is one of the most serious dental injuries, and a prompt and correct emergency management is very important for the prognosis. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the task group.

Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 1. Fractures and Luxations of Permanent Teeth.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of permanent teeth occur frequently in children and young adults. Crown fractures and luxations are the most commonly occurring of all dental injuries. Proper diagnosis, treatment planning and followup are important for improving a favorable outcome.

What are the important outcomes in traumatic dental injuries? An international approach to the development of a core outcome set.

Background/aims: There are numerous treatment options following traumatic dental injury (TDI). Systematic reviews of different treatments are challenging owing to the diversity of outcomes reported between clinical studies. This issue could be addressed through the development and implementation of a agreed and standardized collection of outcomes known as a core outcome set (COS).

Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 2. Avulsion of Permanent Teeth.

Avulsion of permanent teeth is one of the most serious dental injuries, and a prompt and correct emergency management is very important for the prognosis. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the task group.

Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 1. Fractures and Luxations of Permanent Teeth.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of permanent teeth occur frequently in children and young adults. Crown fractures and luxations are the most commonly occurring of all dental injuries. Proper diagnosis, treatment planning and followup are important for improving a favorable outcome.

John G.C. Adams: father of Dental Public Health in Canada.

John Gennings Curtis Adams (1839-1922), Canada's first resident dental missionary, was the father of Dental Public Health in Canada. He established, personally funded and operated the first free dental hospital in North America for poor children and their mothers in Toronto from 1872, three years before the founding of The Hospital for Sick Children; he later became their first dentist of record. He was a visionary zealot for prevention of decay, dental education, and treatment over extraction.

International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth.

Avulsion of permanent teeth is one of the most serious dental injuries, and a prompt and correct emergency management is very important for the prognosis. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the task group.

International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of permanent teeth occur frequently in children and young adults. Crown fractures and luxations are the most commonly occurring of all dental injuries. Proper diagnosis, treatment planning and followup are important for improving a favorable outcome.

Clinical relevance of access targets for elective dental treatment under general anesthesia in pediatrics.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical relevance of access targets for elective dental procedures performed under general anesthesia at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, by assessing incremental changes in the burden of dental disease over wait times for such procedures.

Methods: Children scheduled for elective dental procedures under general anesthesia were assigned a priority according to the dental diagnosis and the medical risk status. Each priority level was defined by a specific diagnostic code and access target (maximum acceptable wait time).

Mineral trioxide aggregate produces superior outcomes in vital primary molar pulpotomy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of vital primary molar pulpotomy when there is no direct contact between eugenol and the vital pulp. Four pulpotomy techniques were compared: (1) ferric sulfate (FS) pulpotomy; (2) eugenol-free FS pulpotomy; (3) mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy; and (4) FS/MTA pulpotomy.

Methods: The pulpotomy technique assigned to each molar was determined by random selection.

Variation in urban and rural water fluoride levels in Ontario.

Objective: To compare levels of water fluoridation in urban and rural distribution systems in Ontario.

Methods: A random sample of 17 urban and 17 rural municipalities was taken from a list of 445 municipalities. The Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) website was used to identify the water treatment plants that supply these municipalities, and water quality reports published by each of these distribution systems for 2007 were collected.

Effects of severe dentoalveolar trauma on the quality-of-life of children and parents.

Background/aim: This investigation assessed the effects of dental trauma on the perception of pain and quality of life (QoL) of patient-parent pairs for a year following severe injuries.

Sample: A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain of injury and treatment for 27 individuals 8-20 years and their parents. The Child Oral Health Quality of Life (COHQoL) survey was used to assess the effects of dental injuries on the QoL of 23 children aged 8-14 and their parents.

Does Emdogain work?

Emdogain has been available commercially for just over a decade. It is used currently in clinical practice of periodontics and has been investigated in four clinical outcome studies of replanted teeth. This review covers the origin and concepts behind the use of this amelogenin derivative, the unique conditions associated with an avulsed tooth, and the laboratory and clinical characteristics of this material.

Nontraumatic dental complaints in a pediatric emergency department.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, types, and treatment of nontraumatic dental emergencies that present to a tertiary care pediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all children coming to a tertiary care pediatric emergency department with nontraumatic dental complaints from January 2005 to December 2005 was conducted. Demographic information, the time and day of presentation, presenting complaints, history of previous dental treatment, interventions, and disposition details were collected and analyzed.

Characterization of root surface periodontal ligament following avulsion, severe intrusion or extraction: preliminary observations.

This study employed novel topographic and histological techniques to assess remaining periodontal ligament (PDL) in a convenience sample of avulsed and intruded human permanent incisors and extracted premolars. Seventeen human teeth (eight avulsed, five severely intruded and four uninjured extracted) were evaluated for the distribution and physical characteristics of adherent root surface PDL. The topographic distribution of PDL was assessed by staining roots with malachite green and determining the proportion of remaining PDL within selected regions on four aspects of each tooth.

Impact of treated and untreated dental injuries on the quality of life of Ontario school children.

A population-based, matched case-comparison study was undertaken in 30 schools in two Ontario communities to measure the impact of dental trauma on quality of life (QoL) in Canadian school children. Dental hygienists screened 2422 children aged 12-14 years using the dental trauma index, the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT) and the aesthetic component of the index of orthodontic treatment needs (AC-IOTN). Cases (n = 135) were children with evidence of previous dental trauma.

Etiology and environment of dental injuries in 12- to 14-year-old Ontario schoolchildren.

This study reports on the etiology and environment where dental injuries occurred and assesses the relationship between dental trauma, socio-economic status and dental caries experience. A population-based, matched case-comparison study was undertaken in 30 schools in two Ontario communities. Dental hygienists calibrated in the use of the Dental Trauma Index (DTI) screened 2422 children aged 12 and 14 years using DTI and Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth indices.

Spatial and temporal variability of ribotyping results at a small watershed in South Carolina.

The utility of library-based ribotyping methods for a very small study area was evaluated through comparison of local results to libraries with differing spatial and temporal scales. Ribotyping of Escherichia coli isolates was used to evaluate sources of fecal pollution at a coastal golf course in Beaufort County, South Carolina. Thirty-five E.

An experimentally calibrated finite element study of maxillary trauma.

A baseball injury to an instrumented human cadaver maxillae was simulated with a regulation (142 g) baseball traveling at 14 m s(-1). Measurements of strain were obtained with three-axis strain gauge rosettes located at the medial palate and both canine fossae. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of a dentate human maxilla was constructed from computed tomography scans of the skull of an adolescent.

Use of mouthguards among 12- to 14-year-old Ontario schoolchildren.

Objectives: To investigate the frequency of use of mouthguards among a representative sample of Ontario schoolchildren, the type of mouthguard most commonly used and reasons for noncompliance during sporting activities.

Materials And Methods: A population-based, matched case-control study was undertaken in a total of 30 schools in 2 suburban Ontario communities. Dental hygienists trained in the use of the Dental Trauma Index screened 2,422 children 12 to 14 years of age.

Prioritization for elective dental treatment under general anesthesia.

This paper describes the process and outcomes of an initiative to develop a system to prioritize operating room bookings for children who require elective dental treatment. This initiative had 3 objectives: to improve the timeliness of treatment in the operating room based on medical and dental need, to provide a means to identify and expedite the highest-priority cases when operating room time became available, and to document the prioritization of cases as a quality assurance measure. Each patient booked for treatment in the operating room was assigned a priority ranking based on a combination of their medical risk and dental status.

Development of ankylosis in permanent incisors following delayed replantation and severe intrusion.

Ankylosis is a predictable outcome for replanted incisors and for most severely intruded incisors. There is no treatment to arrest or reverse this periodontal ligament complication. Ankylosis of the incisors of preadolescents alters local alveolar growth and eventually produces tooth loss subsequent to resorption.