Proposed shade guide for human facial skin and lip: a pilot study.

Statement Of Problem: Currently, no commercially available facial shade guide exists in the United States for the fabrication of facial prostheses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure facial skin and lip color in a human population sample stratified by age, gender, and race. Clustering analysis was used to determine optimal color coordinates for a proposed facial shade guide.

Coverage error of gingival shade guide systems in measuring color of attached anterior gingiva.

Statement Of Problem: It remains unclear which gingival shade guide is most effective in producing the best visual shade match.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the coverage errors (CEs) of 2 different gingival shade guides and their combination in a selected population.

Material And Methods: The CEs of the following gingival shade guides were evaluated: (1) Lucitone 199, (2) IPS Gingiva, and (3) a combination of the 2 shade guide systems.

Measurement of color for craniofacial structures using a 45/0-degree optical configuration.

Statement Of Problem: The color of vital craniofacial structures has not been measured accurately.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the color of vital craniofacial structures and evaluate the validity and test-retest reliability of a noncontacting 45/0-degree optical configuration.

Material And Methods: A spectroradiometer and an external light source were configured in a noncontacting 45/0-degree (45-degree illumination and 0-degree observer) optical configuration to measure the color of subjects' vital craniofacial structures (central and lateral incisor and canine, attached gingiva, lips, and facial skin).