Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for children with cerebral palsy: a review.

The aim of this review paper is to consider the application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to improve gait or upper limb function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Although most NMES research has been directed at adults with neurological conditions, there is a growing body of evidence supporting its use in children with CP. In line with a recent meta-analysis, the use of electrical stimulation to minimise impairment and activity limitations during gait is cautiously advocated.

A six degrees-of-freedom marker set for gait analysis: repeatability and comparison with a modified Helen Hayes set.

Kinematic gait analysis is limited by simplified marker sets and related models. The majority of sets in clinical use were developed with low resolution imaging systems so required various assumptions about body behaviour. Further major limitations include soft tissue artefact and ambiguity in landmark identification.

Protein adsorption on materials for recording sites on implantable microelectrodes.

Implantable microelectrodes have the potential to become part of neural prostheses to restore lost nerve function after nerve damage. The initial adsorption of proteins to materials for implantable microelectrodes is an important factor in determining the longevity and stability of the implant. Once an implant is in the body, protein adsorption takes place almost instantly before the cells reach the surface of an implant.