Optic Nerve Head Morphological Variation in Craniosynostosis: A Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate optic nerve head (ONH) morphology in children with craniosynostosis versus healthy controls.

Design: Single-center, prospective cohort study.

Methods: Handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in 110 eyes of 58 children (aged 0-13 years) with craniosynostosis.

Evaluation of Research Diagnostic Criteria in Craniofacial Microsomia.

Characteristics of patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) vary in type and severity. The diagnosis is based on phenotypical assessment and no consensus on standardized clinical diagnostic criteria is available. The use of diagnostic criteria could improve research and communication among patients and healthcare professionals.

Frontofacial Surgery: Reducing Infection with the Development and 6-Year Outcome of a Frontofacial Protocol.

Background: Frontofacial surgery (FFS) creates a communication between the cranial and nasal cavities and is associated with significant infection risk. After a cluster of infections affecting patients undergoing FFS, a root cause analysis of index cases was undertaken, but no specifically remedial causes were identified. Basic principles incorporating known risk factors for the prevention of surgical-site infection were then applied to the creation of a perioperative management protocol.

Does the Mutation Type Affect the Response to Cranial Vault Expansion in Children With Apert Syndrome?

III.

Two-Center Review of Posterior Vault Expansion following a Staged or Expectant Treatment of Crouzon and Apert Craniosynostosis.

Background: The timing of posterior cranial expansion for the management of intracranial pressure can be "staged" by age and dysmorphology or "expectant" by pressure monitoring. The authors report shared outcome measures from one center performing posterior vault remodeling (PCVR) or distraction (PVDO) following a staged approach and another performing spring-assisted expansion (SAPVE) following an expectant protocol.

Methods: Apert or Crouzon syndrome patients who underwent posterior expansion younger than 2 years were included.

Upper and Lower Limb Anomalies in Craniofacial Microsomia and Its Relation to the OMENS+ Classification: A Multicenter Study of 688 Patients.

Background: Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is characterized by several malformations related to the first and second pharyngeal arch. Patients typically present with facial asymmetry, but extracraniofacial organ systems might be involved, including limb anomalies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the occurrence of upper and lower limb anomalies in CFM patients.

Sagittal synostosis: does choice of intervention and its timing affect the long-term aesthetic and neurodevelopmental outcome? A single-institution study of 167 children.

Objective: Sagittal craniosynostosis (SC) is the most commonly encountered form of craniosynostosis. Despite its relative frequency, there remains significant heterogeneity in both operative management and follow-up between centers and a relative paucity of long-term outcome data in the literature. At the authors' institution, families of children presenting with SC are offered the following options: 1) conservative management with ophthalmic surveillance, 2) minimally invasive surgery at < 6 months of age (spring-assisted cranioplasty [SAC]) or 3) calvarial vault remodeling at any age (CVR).

3-Dimensional Morphometric Outcomes After Endoscopic Strip Craniectomy for Unicoronal Synostosis.

Background: Endoscopic strip craniectomy with postoperative helmeting (ESCH) for unicoronal synostosis has shown to be a less morbid procedure when compared with fronto-orbital remodeling (FOR). We aim in this pilot study to report objective methods and quantitative morphologic outcomes of endoscopically treated unicoronal synostosis using 3-dimensional surface scans.

Methods: Our electronic records were reviewed for ophthalmological, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and helmet-related complications.

The Accuracy of Computer-Assisted Surgical Planning in Predicting Soft Tissue Responses After Le Fort I Osteotomy: Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: Mismatch between preoperative planning and surgical outcome in maxillofacial surgery relate to on-table replication of presurgical planning and predictive algorithm inaccuracy: software error was hereby decoupled from planning inaccuracy to assess a commercial software. The hypothesis was that soft tissue prediction error would be minimized if the surgical procedure was replicated precisely as planned and is independent of the extent of bone repositioning.

Materials And Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 16 Le Fort I osteotomy patients were collected at Boston Children's Hospital.

Growth patterns and shape development of the paediatric mandible - A 3D statistical model.

Background/aim: To develop a 3D morphable model of the normal paediatric mandible to analyse shape development and growth patterns for males and females.

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) data was collected for 242 healthy children referred for CT scan between 2011 and 2018 aged between 0 and 47 months (mean, 20.6 ± 13.

Correction of trigonocephaly after endoscopic strip craniectomy with postoperative helmet orthosis therapy: a 3D stereophotogrammetric study.

Objective: Endoscopic strip craniectomy with postoperative helmet orthosis therapy (ESCH) has emerged as a less invasive alternative to fronto-orbital remodeling for correction of trigonocephaly. However, there is no standardized objective method for monitoring morphological changes following ESCH. Such a method should be reproducible and avoid the use of ionizing radiation and general anesthesia for diagnostic imaging.

Convolutional mesh autoencoders for the 3-dimensional identification of FGFR-related craniosynostosis.

Clinical diagnosis of craniofacial anomalies requires expert knowledge. Recent studies have shown that artificial intelligence (AI) based facial analysis can match the diagnostic capabilities of expert clinicians in syndrome identification. In general, these systems use 2D images and analyse texture and colour.

Correlation between head shape and volumetric changes following spring-assisted posterior vault expansion.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether different head shapes show different volumetric changes following spring-assisted posterior vault expansion (SA-PVE) and to investigate the influence of surgical and morphological parameters on SA-PVE. Preoperative three-dimensional skull models from patients who underwent SA-PVE were extracted from computed tomography scans. Patient head shape was described using statistical shape modelling (SSM) and principal component analysis (PCA).

Ocular and adnexal anomalies in Treacher Collins syndrome: a retrospective multicenter study.

Background: Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare craniofacial disorder characterized by bilateral hypoplasia of facial structures and periorbital, ocular, and adnexal anomalies. The purpose of this multicenter study was to report the prevalence of ocular and adnexal anomalies in TCS and to identify patients at risk for visual impairment.

Methods: The medical records of patients seen at four craniofacial centers were reviewed retrospectively.

Electrophysiological and fundoscopic detection of intracranial hypertension in craniosynostosis.

Aims: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fundoscopy and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in detecting intracranial hypertension (IH) in patients with craniosynostosis undergoing spring-assisted posterior vault expansion (sPVE).

Methods: Children with craniosynostosis undergoing sPVE and 48-hour intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring were included in this single-centre, retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study. Data for ICP, fundoscopy and VEPs were analysed.

The 3D skull 0-4 years: A validated, generative, statistical shape model.

Background: This study aims to capture the 3D shape of the human skull in a healthy paediatric population (0-4 years old) and construct a generative statistical shape model.

Methods: The skull bones of 178 healthy children (55% male, 20.8 ± 12.

Spring-assisted posterior vault expansion-a single-centre experience of 200 cases.

Purpose: Children affected by premature fusion of the cranial sutures due to craniosynostosis can present with raised intracranial pressure and (turri)brachycephalic head shapes that require surgical treatment. Spring-assisted posterior vault expansion (SA-PVE) is the surgical technique of choice at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (GOSH), London, UK. This study aims to report the SA-PVE clinical experience of GOSH to date.

Local Soft Tissue and Bone Displacements Following Midfacial Bipartition Distraction in Apert Syndrome - Quantification Using a Semi-Automated Method.

Patients with Apert syndrome experience midfacial hypoplasia, hypertelorism, and downslanting palpebral fissures which can be corrected by midfacial bipartition distraction with rigid external distraction device. Quantitative studies typically focus on quantifying rigid advancement and rotation postdistraction, but intrinsic shape changes of bone and soft tissue remain unknown. This study presents a method to quantify these changes.

Monobloc Distraction and Facial Bipartition Distraction with External Devices.

Monobloc and bipartition advancement by external distraction plays a major role in the treatment of syndromic craniosynostosis. They can reverse the associated facial deformity and play a role in the management of ocular exposure, intracranial hypertension, and upper airway obstruction. Facial bipartition distraction corrects the intrinsic facial deformities of Apert syndrome.

Maxillary Changes Following Facial Bipartition - A Three-Dimensional Quantification.

Introduction: Children with Apert syndrome have hypertelorism and midfacial hypoplasia, which can be treated with facial bipartition (FB), often aided by rigid external distraction. The technique involves a midline osteotomy that lateralizes the maxillary segments, resulting in posterior cross-bites and midline diastema. Varying degrees of spontaneous realignment of the dental arches occurs postoperatively.